《西風頌》

Ode to the West Wind

Percy Bysshe Shelley

I

O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being,

秋之所以為秋，氣息是你啊，狂哉西風，

Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead

無形一股臨在，驅枯葉而散飛蓬，

Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,

如幽靈見施法者，無不逃竄行蹤，

Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,

有枯黃有黓黑，有蒼白有猩紅，

Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou

染疾患病也無窮──西風，你啊，

Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed

而你駕長車，將種籽埋落幽暗冬床，

The wingèd seeds, where they lie cold and low,

種籽本有雙翅，而今冰涼低臥，

Each like a corpse within its grave, until

各如骸骨葬墳塚，

Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow

直到你蔚藍的姊妹春風，

Her clarion o’er the dreaming earth, and fill

吹奏號角喚醒大地眠夢，而後盈充，

(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)

──播嫩芽如牧養羊群於天空──

With living hues and odours plain and hill:

活生生光澤氣息，平原丘陵盡拂送，

Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;

狂哉此神，無處不運轉活動，

Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!

你既毀滅也存守，聽啊，請聽啊！

II

Thou on whose stream, mid the steep skys commotion,

西風，你在捲起的氣流之上，陡峭高空漩渦，

Loose clouds like earths decaying leaves are shed,

雲啊，脫離還如大地枯葉，

Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,

搖動落下，從天與海彼此纏繞的枝幹，

Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread

雲啊──雷雨的天使──不斷舒展，

On the blue surface of thine aëry surge,

乘浮於你蒼穹翻湧的氣浪，

Like the bright hair uplifted from the head

好似明亮的直直拔起，

Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge

那是酒神狂女祭司的青束，從地平線的

Of the horizon to the zeniths height,

灰暗邊緣，拔高至天際頂點──

The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge

暴風將至的綹綹髮絲。西風，你啊，

Of the dying year, to which this closing night

你這垂死歲暮的輓歌。對垂死歲暮而言，

Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,

逐漸合攏的夜，是巨大墓穴的穹頂，

Vaulted with all thy congregated might

由你集結之力，拱然成形，

Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere

而那水氣拱建的墓穴，從厚實大氣，

Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!

爆發黑雨、雷火與冰雹。西風，聽啊！

III

Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams

西風，你真喚醒了夏夢中的

The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,

湛藍地中海，昔日躺臥處，

Lulld by the coil of his crystalline streams,

透明清澈的海流迴繞著，哄他入眠。

Beside a pumice isle in Baiaes bay,

地中海在巴亞灣的浮石島嶼旁，

And saw in sleep old palaces and towers

沉睡中見過許多古老宮殿與高塔

Quivering within the waves intenser day,

在波光更閃亮之處，微微顫動著，

All overgrown with azure moss and flowers

皆長滿了海藍光澤的水草花朵，

So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou

甚美，只憑想像就美得神魂欲醉！西風你啊，

For whose path the Atlantics level powers

你足跡走過，大西洋的廣闊海水

Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below

自我裂開深淵，而底下深處，

The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear

海中珊瑚繁花，泥濘水底森林，

The sapless foliage of the ocean, know

皆掛著無汁液的葉片，識得

Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,

你的聲音，頓時因恐懼而死灰，

And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!

瑟瑟顫抖，剝落而光禿。西風，聽啊！

IV

If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;

但願我是枯葉，你能帶我遠走；

If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;

但願我是馳雲，我能與你高飛；

A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share

但願我是海浪，隨你驅動而起伏，

The impulse of thy strength, only less free

同你力量而推動，只比你少一分自由，

Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even

你啊，桀驁不馴的你啊！

I were as in my boyhood, and could be

即使今日重返年少，

The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,

與你縱橫天際而漫遊四方，

As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed

如同彼時與你凌空競速，

Scarce seemd a vision; I would neer have striven

也絕非痴人說夢；我更不會苦苦掙扎，

As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.

如今日辛酸困頓，向你禱告呼訴。

Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!

西風啊，讓我如浪、如葉、如雲，舉我向上吧！

I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!

我在生命的荊棘中倒下！鮮血流！

A heavy weight of hours has chaind and bowd

歲月的沉重負荷，束縛使我低頭，

One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.

不馴、馳騁、傲骨，與你曾無不同。

V

Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:

讓我如同森林，作你的詩琴，

What if my leaves are falling like its own!

我的枝葉若如林葉也飄零，有何干係？

The tumult of thy mighty harmonies

西風啊，你這和聲浩蕩的震動，

Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,

將從我倆奏出深沉的秋調，

Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,

雖美猶悲。狂烈兮此神，願你變我的魂啊！

My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!

奔放兮此靈，你且化我！

Drive my dead thoughts over the universe

驅使我死沉沉的思緒逕向宇宙內外，

Like witherd leaves to quicken a new birth!

像凋零枝葉激發新的生命！

And, by the incantation of this verse,

再藉由這首詩的咒語吟唱，

Scatter, as from an unextinguishd hearth

散播吧──如同從永不熄滅的火爐，

Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!

散播灰燼與火花──我的話傳遍全人類！

Be through my lips to unawakend earth

從我的唇，向尚未甦醒的大地，

The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,

吹響預言的號角！風啊，

If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?

冬既來，春，還會遠嗎？

---

譯後札記

濟慈的秋頌靜態，秋光將萬物推展至成熟豐淳，而後萬物退場。雪萊的西風頌則是動態，有別於濟慈描寫秋本身，西風才是雪萊的焦點：第一段書寫落葉，西風是毀滅者也是保存者，完成自然循環；第二段飛雲，西風是宇宙力量，暴風為垂死歲暮拱建穹頂，黑雨、雷火、冰雹迸發而下；第三段浪潮，西風深入海洋，喚醒沉睡的地中海，甚至大西洋也臣服，風吹拂處海洋裂開，水底海藻森林頓時死灰。

整首詩的轉折在第四段，雪萊用虛擬語氣，假設自己是落葉、是飛雲，是波浪，則與西風同行。詩人更設想，少年光陰若重返，與西風馳騁天際，凌空競速不分軒輊，只少一分自由。隨即由虛入實，對比今昔萬分感慨，無奈今日須向西風祈禱呼訴，只因跌臥生命荊棘，汩汩血流。

第五段再次回到西風，也反觀自己：就算繁華落盡，禿木樹林，西風依舊帶來萬物渾厚的鳴唱，雖美猶悲。機鋒突轉，請西風佔據自己，請西風變成自己，轉化死沉沉的思緒再傳遞宇宙內外，恰如凋零枝葉嶄新生命，吹響預言的號角。什麼預言呢？冬既來，春，還會遠嗎？

濟慈的秋頌無我，雪萊的西風頌有我。雪萊敢對西風下令，敦請西風聽命，懇請西風變成自己，固然豪情萬丈，豪情中亦有悲哀：歲月沉重負荷、臥倒生命荊棘兩句，詩人早已傷痕累累，困頓難行。艱困儘管如此，仍不放棄使命，詩人想像自己變成琴，變成西風的樂器，變成詩，變成永不熄滅的火花，變成傳頌不斷的話語，傳向全人類，最終成為喚醒世界的預言。

全詩採用 terza rima（三韻體），以連環押韻首尾相承，韻腳推動韻腳，如西風奔流不息，直到最後一句方才收束。同時，雪萊使用大量同位語、先行詞，關係子句補述說明，用分詞延展句子，更用跨行懸宕，模擬風奔馳不中斷的延續，最後才揭露核心。節奏奔放，情感熱烈，同位語及先行詞塑造回指鏈，可以層層指涉先前意象，並用 Thou 維繫西風為持續的呼喚對象。全詩始終不是描述西風，而是直接向西風說話。意象延展卻不破壞呼喚，枝葉、雲朵、波浪前後呼應，文法精密，氣勢雄偉，從第一節至最後，風壓步步緊逼。

英文長句文法機關奧妙，仿但丁連環押韻，此版漢譯難以企及，漢語亦步亦趨也無須；唯共振其精神，讓西風仍是西風，漢語仍是漢語，使兩者於詩中相遇。但願隨西風舉我向上，再次縱橫天際而漫遊四方。