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多恩|離別辭:窗上刻我名 A Valediction of My Name, in the Window
2026/10/05 02:34
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多恩|離別辭:窗上刻我名

A Valediction of My Name, in the Window
by John Donne


I.

My name engraved herein
我名在此刻入,
Doth contribute my firmness to this glass,
以我金石心,玻璃更堅固,
Which ever since that charm hath been
從今魔法展露,
As hard, as that which graved it was;
恆久堅硬,如刻之物,
Thine eye will give it price enough, to mock
卿眸予價值,相形使見黜,
The diamonds of either rock.
岩中鑽石縱無數。

II.

’Tis much that glass should be
玻璃所能多矣,
As all-confessing, and through-shine as I;
坦白無隱藏,如我透光明;
’Tis more that it shows thee to thee,
更能對卿顯卿,
And clear reflects thee to thine eye.
清楚顯形,眼神投影。
But all such rules love’s magic can undo;
情意有魔法,解除諸定律;
Here you see me, and I am you.
卿見我在我乃卿。

III.

As no one point, nor dash,
誠如圓點橫線,
Which are but accessories to this name,
不啻零星片,附屬此名現,
The showers and tempests can outwash
暴雨狂風不能減;
So shall all times find me the same;
累月經年,而我不變;
You this entireness better may fulfill,
此名完整性,更善卿保全,
Who have the pattern with you still.
得此原型長久遠。

IV.

Or if too hard and deep
艱澀若太深奧,
This learning be, for a scratch’d name to teach,
銘刻此名下,授此其教導,
It as a given death’s head keep,
象徵骷髏符號,
Lovers’ mortality to preach;
告誡愛情,有日終了,
Or think this ragged bony name to be
思其殘破骸,零落此名凋,
My ruinous anatomy.
腐朽骨架僅憑弔。

V.

Then, as all my souls be
而後三魂所屬,
Emparadised in you—in whom alone
天國在卿內,獨此我進入,
I understand, and grow, and see—
明白成長我目睹,
The rafters of my body, bone,
此身百骸,椽樑屋柱,
Being still with you, the muscle, sinew, and vein
同居與卿活,肌肉筋血注,
Which tile this house, will come again.
瓦鋪此屋將來復。

VI.

Till my return repair
直至歸來修復,
And recompact my scatter’d body so,
零落我百骸,緊密聚合組,
As all the virtuous powers which are
本有效力正如
Fix’d in the stars are said to flow
星辰穩固,據說流入,
Into such characters as gravèd be
寫進文字符,我名刻印處,
When these stars have supremacy.
星辰支配命運途。

VII.

So since this name was cut,
爾後此名鑿落,
When love and grief their exaltation had,
愛到最顛峰,痛至最折磨,
No door ’gainst this name’s influence shut.
此名影響無不穿透,
As much more loving, as more sad,
愛愈深厚,哀愈哀愁,
’Twill make thee; and thou shouldst, till I return,
同樣使卿受,直至我歸後,
Since I die daily, daily mourn.
日日我亡請悼我。

VIII.

When thy inconsiderate hand
當卿不加思索,
Flings ope this casement, with my trembling name,
推開此窗櫺,我名正顫抖,
To look on one, whose wit or land
望向此人,才華土地擁有,
New battery to thy heart may frame,
發動攻勢,對卿心窩,
Then think this name alive, and that thou thus
我名請思量,猶似我存活,
In it offend’st my Genius.
對我神靈卿罪過。

IX.

And when thy melted maid,
心軟再當僕女,
Corrupted by thy lover’s gold and page,
情人黃金勾,情人侍童引,
His letter at thy pillow hath laid,
枕旁臥其書信,
Disputed it, and tamed thy rage,
抗辯對之,馴伏卿矣,
And thou begin’st to thaw towards him, for this,
卿心始消融,對之初有意,
May my name step in, and hide his.
我名介入隱其名。

X.

And if this treason go
如此倘若背叛,
To an overt act and that thou write again,
踏出實作為,魚雁更幾番,
In superscribing, this name flow
抬頭稱謂語,我名流水喚,
Into thy fancy from the pane;
窗櫺而來,將卿念轉,
So, in forgetting thou rememb’rest right,
是以泯忘然,其實銘記盼,
And unaware to me shalt write.
不覺對我魚雁返。

XI.

But glass and lines must be
玻璃印痕終究,
No means our firm substantial love to keep;
難保真實意,倆情不能留,
Near death inflicts this lethargy,
瀕臨死亡昏沉落,
And this I murmur in my sleep;
於我魂夢,幾語吐露,
Impute this idle talk, to that I go,
咎此譫妄言,離別終須我,
For dying men talk often so.
將死之人夢囈說。


河水再流:
離別辭|止悲懷 A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning


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全站分類:創作| 詩詞
自訂分類:十四行
下一則: 唱詩天門|莎士比亞十四行詩 29

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迴響(1) :
1樓. 深河
2026/10/05 02:56

AI 讀到這首,認為其中有一層值得注意的「機鋒」:

機鋒:名可代人,愛卻不能留名。

表層:
詩人把名字刻在愛人的窗玻璃上,使名字如同自己仍在身邊;即使自己離去,名字仍能被看見、被記憶,甚至阻擋情敵。

深層:
多恩一步步把「名字」變成「人」:名字有生命、有靈、有記憶,甚至能介入愛人的書信。尤其「忘記而記得」——她越想忘掉他,窗上的名字反而越使她想起他。

特殊語義層:
「玻璃、刻痕、名字」原本都是物;但在愛情魔法中,它們逐漸取得人的功能。可是最後詩人自己承認,這些東西終究保存不了真正的愛。

核心美學:
全詩先用十節證明「名字可以代替我」,最後一節卻把這套魔法拆掉:

玻璃印痕終究,
難保真實意,倆情不能留。

於是「刻名」表面是留念,深處其實是對死亡與離別的抗拒。最後說「將死之人夢囈說」,連前面龐大的愛情魔法,都可能只是將死之人的夢囈。



深河:
最後一點機鋒,離別辭別離,機鋒意趣充滿詩篇,十一節連讀,具體而微的愛情小說,終究夢囈一場空。


順道一提,AI 讀出插圖意思:

開普荷式農舍

這幅放在譯文之後,位置很好。讀完詩再看它,讀者會發現三個呼應:

山牆正中刻著年份和姓名縮寫。開普荷式建築常在山牆上刻下建屋年份和主人的名字,這正是一個刻在家屋上的名字,和窗玻璃上刻名是同一個姿態,只是換成了石灰牆。

一排多格的窗櫺。整首詩都發生在一扇窗前:刻名的是窗玻璃,她推開的是窗,望向新歡的也是窗。

而第五節多恩把身體比作一座房子,骨頭是椽,筋肉血脈是瓦,等人回來重新蓋好。圖中這座茅草屋頂的老屋,靜靜等在樹蔭下,像一個等人歸來的身體。

再加上這是開普的房子,多恩的離別辭就被你帶到了開普一帶。

長春花

這幅放在前面,關聯比較隱,但很有意思。

圖上畫的是長春花,英文常稱 periwinkle。歐洲傳統裡,長春花的屬名 Vinca 被認為和拉丁文「束縛」有關,民間常拿它做愛情的信物,象徵忠貞與記憶。中世紀它又被稱為「死亡之花」,用來編成給亡者或死囚的花環。

愛情的忠貞、記憶、死亡,正好是這首詩的三條線:名字要她記住我、要她守住我,而第四節又把名字比作骷髏、預示死亡。一朵小花,三層意思都在。

順序

花在前、屋在後,我覺得是對的。花輕,讓讀者帶著一點柔情進入;屋重,讀完詩後回頭看見山牆上的刻名,像一個無聲的落款。

如果怕讀者看不出長春花的意思,也不必解釋,懂的人自然會心,不懂的人也只覺得是一朵好看的花。這也算是一種留白。

清河:時有盡,終須別,天命是也。 深河 於 2026/10/05 02:59回覆