併與並
併與並,音同(ㄅㄧㄥˋ)義近,詞性有別。併,主要作「動詞」用,意思是:將兩者合靠在一起,例如:併吞、併攏、併辦…等。並,主要作「副詞」用,意思是:同時存在、位置相同、完全、實在…等,例如:並存、並立、並非如此、並無此事…等;另外,並字也可以作「連接詞」用,尚且之意,例如:除……外,並……。
公文裡,用到「併」字甚多,即以《文書處理手冊》為例,計有:併同、併入、合併、簽稿併陳、同稿併敘、併封發出、組織裁併…等,都當「動詞」用。公文用到「並」字也不少,例如:並備齊各種必需之文件、並以公文分行、並作抉擇之依據、並請注意下列事項、並註明時間…等,以上均屬連接詞,惟依《法律統一用字表》規定,不用「并」字;再者,《文書處理手冊》29.2.2.規定:「…並視案情需要決定採順會或並會方式…」,其中「並會」的「並」字,當「副詞」用,亦即:會辦公文可採影印方式,分別送請其他單位表示意見。
就狀態而言,「併與並」稍有不同。併字,側重在「合併」、「歸在一起」的含義,例如:合併歸檔、併辦一稿。並字,側重在「並列」、「等同」的含義,例如:並肩作戰、花開並蒂、並行不悖、並駕齊驅。由於「併與並」僅是些微差別,許多人混用,例如:有人寫「並排停車」,亦有人寫「併排停車」,但《道路交通管理處罰條例》用「併排停車」。再如:有人寫「一並」,亦有人寫「一併」,《文書處理手冊》31.8.規定:「…應將各件之收文號一併填入…」則用「一併」。又如:「並起來」與「併起來」意思有別,若謂:「把兩張桌子並起來。」意即把兩張桌子並列在一起;若謂:「把兩副撲克牌併起來洗。」意即,將兩副混合在一起洗牌。
授課時,有人提問「並」字的正確用法,兩年前即撰寫一篇《並字釋析》(註一),提供大家參考!近日,又有網友提問:輔導與稽查「併重」還是「並重」(註二)?由於輔導與稽查同等重要,用「並重」較為妥當,猶如學校推行「五育並重」,亦即:學校推行「德智體群美」學習目標,五個同等重要。
在職時,對於相通的兩個字,大都尊重承辦人的習慣,例如:「計畫」、「計劃」;「紀錄」、「記錄」;「人參」、「人蔘」;「賸餘」、「剩餘」……等,多半不會刻意修改或指正,以免養成「見樹不見林」的習性,除非需要精準用字的法規作業。
註一:參見【並字釋析】乙文。
註二:參閱http://blog.udn.com/chhsia1113/guestbook
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