Election (選舉/競選)
廖 柏 森
《新聞英文搭配詞:學會collocation,擺脫中式英文》:
https://www.books.com.tw/products/0010798357
各國的選舉制度electoral system不同,因此選舉的詞彙也有或多或少的差異。例如在台灣的總統選舉presidential election是由每位民眾投票的直接選舉direct election,但在美國還分為政黨初選primary election和大選 general election。也就是由民主黨the Democratic Party和共和黨the Republican Party (或稱the Grand Old Party, GOP)兩個政黨先進行初選,並於全國黨大會national party convention上確定參加大選的總統候選人presidential candidate。而且美國有選舉人團electoral college制度,一般民眾並不能直接選舉總統,他們只能在各州選出承諾會支持某候選人的選舉人候選人elector candidate,再由當選的選舉人elector投票給總統候選人。另外,選民必須事先主動登記過後registered 才能投票。
l 動詞 + election
v. |
n. |
中譯 |
boycott |
election |
抵制選舉 |
contest / fight |
|
在選舉中競爭 |
have / hold |
|
舉行選舉 |
lose |
|
輸掉選舉 |
monitor |
|
觀察選舉 |
rig |
|
操弄選舉 |
run for |
|
競選 |
win |
|
贏得選舉 |
例句:
Mr. Chen urged voters not to boycott the election.
陳先生力勸選民不要抵制選舉。
Mr. Lee lost the election and then retired from politics.
李先生競選失利並退出政壇。
The candidate ran for election after her husband died in a political assassination.
她因丈夫死於政治暗殺,便毅然投入競選成為候選人。
He accused the ruling party of rigging the elections.
他指控執政黨選舉舞弊。
l 形容詞 + election
adj. |
n. |
中譯 |
congressional |
election |
國會選舉 |
democratic |
|
民主選舉 |
direct |
|
直接選舉 |
disputed |
|
有爭議的選舉 |
fair |
|
公平選舉 |
fixed / fraudulent / rigged / tainted |
|
舞弊的選舉 |
free |
|
自由選舉 |
general |
|
公眾的選舉 |
heated |
|
激烈的選舉 |
indirect |
|
間接選舉 |
legislative |
|
立法委員選舉 |
local |
|
地方選舉 |
parliamentary |
|
國會選舉 |
presidential |
|
總統大選 |
upcoming |
|
即將到來的選舉 |
例句:
The interim government promised free elections under the new Constitution.
此過渡政府承諾將依據新憲法舉行自由選舉。
The KMT’s seats saw a significant drop in comparison to the number in the previous legislative election.
國民黨的席次與前次立法委員選舉相較顯然減少許多。
They knew they had little chance of winning the presidential election.
他們了解要贏得總統大選的機會渺茫。
Tens of thousands of middle-class urbanites gathered Saturday to vent their anger over tainted elections.
成千上萬的中產階級都會居民在週六集結,渲洩他們對於腐敗選舉的怒氣。
l election + 名詞
n. |
n. |
中譯 |
election |
act |
選舉法令 |
|
boycott |
抵制選舉運動 |
|
campaign |
選舉活動 |
|
candidate |
選舉候選人 |
|
committee |
選舉委員會 |
|
defeat |
敗選 |
|
fraud / rigging |
選舉舞弊 |
|
manipulation |
選舉操弄 |
|
observer |
選舉觀察員 |
|
reform |
選制改革 |
|
result |
選舉結果 |
|
subsidy |
選舉補助金 |
|
victory |
勝選 |
|
violation |
選舉違法 |
例句:
There was no immediate reaction from Beijing on the election results.
北京對於此選舉結果尚未有立即的回應。
The opposition party challenged his election victory last year.
反對黨不服他去年的勝選。
相關詞彙搭配:
a hotly contested election: 競爭激烈的選舉
a landslide election victory: 壓倒性勝選
campaign headquarter: 競選總部
campaign rally: 選舉造勢集會
campaign speech: 競選演說
campaign strategy/ tactic: 競選策略
Civil Servants Election and Recall Act: 公職人員選舉罷免法
election, recall, initiative and referendum: 選舉、罷免、創制和複決
presidential campaign: 總統競選活動
presidential candidate: 總統候選人
presidential debate: 總統競選辯論
presidential nomination : 總統候選人提名
running mate: 競選夥伴
seeking re-election: 尋求連任
the invalidation of the election results: 選舉結果無效
to force a rigged presidential election to be rerun: 迫使舞弊的總統大選重新選舉
to quit the US presidential race:退出美國總統大選