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授權審查條款及爭端解決小組之功能
2020/02/08 19:41
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(二)授權審查條款

      爭端解決小組受具有貿易上爭端之當事國委託,以審理當事國間之爭端。當事國需訂定授權審查條款,授權爭端解決小組明確之權限,規範確定之權限範圍,以幫助當事國解決爭端。根據爭端解決程序與規則瞭解書(DSU)第七條第一項規定:除非具有爭端之當事國之間於小組成立後之二十日內以其他方式另有協議,小組必須有以下之授權審查條款(terms of reference):關於當事國提交(refer)到DSB文件中之爭端(matter),爭端解決小組需按照(in the light of)當事國爭端中引用(cited)之相關涵蓋此爭端之協議(covered agreement)條款加以審查,且讓審查之調查結果(findings),協助DSB根據(provided)相關涵蓋此爭端之協議做成建議書(recommendations)或做成裁定(rulings)。

Understanding on rules and procedures governing the settlement of disputes Article 7.1 : “ Panels shall have the following terms of reference unless the parties to the dispute agree otherwise within 20 days from the establishment of the panel: ‘ To examine, in the light of the relevant provisions in (name of the covered agreement(s) cited by the parties to the dispute), the matter referred to the DSB by (name of party) in document ... and to make such findings as will assist the DSB in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in that/those agreement(s). ’ ” 

(三)爭端解決小組之功能

      爭端解決小組所做成之裁定,並非立即產生對於當事國之拘束效力,而需經由DSB之通過始產生拘束力,因此爭端解決小組之功能,為協助DSB解決當事國間之貿易爭端。根據DSU第11條規定:爭端解決小組之功能為協助DSB,履行於此瞭解書及此瞭解書相關涵蓋協定下之責任。因此爭端解決小組需做成,關於提交至小組之爭端之客觀評估(objective assessment),包含對於案件事實之客觀評估、相關於爭端中涵蓋之協定之適用及遵守(conformity)及使爭端解決小組做出調查結果,協助DSB根據相關爭端中涵蓋之協定,做出意見書及裁定。爭端解決小組應規律與爭端之當事國進行諮商,且給與爭端當事國充分之機會發展出互相滿意之解決方法。

Understanding on rules and procedures governing the settlement of disputes Article 11: “ The function of panels is to assist the DSB in discharging its responsibilities under this Understanding and the covered agreements. Accordingly, a panel should make an objective assessment of the matter before it, including an objective assessment of the facts of the case and the applicability of and conformity with the relevant covered agreements, and make such other findings as will assist the DSB in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in the covered agreements. Panels should consult regularly with the parties to the dispute and give them adequate opportunity to develop a mutually satisfactory solution. ”

以上英文條文之翻譯為個人翻譯,非權威學者之翻譯。

參考文獻

國際貿易法:世界貿易組織下之法律新秩序 國際經貿法研究(五) 羅昌發 著

1、國際貿易法:世界貿易組織下之法律新秩序 國際經貿法研究(五) 羅昌發 著 2014:684

2、國際貿易法:世界貿易組織下之法律新秩序 國際經貿法研究(五) 羅昌發 著 2014:685



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