爭端解決小組程序

(一)爭端解決小組之成立

         爭端解決小組程序(panel procedure or panel process)為 GATT 1947及WTO所設之DSU(Dispute Settlement Understanding (Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes) (Annex 2 of the WTO Agreement)，簡稱DSU)之下之主要爭端解決方式。當事國之間之貿易爭端，若是無法透過諮商(consultation)解決，而當事國不選擇斡旋(good offices)、調停(conciliation)、調解(mediation)及仲裁(arbitration)等方式，則當事國需採用爭端解決小組程序以解決貿易爭端。1

      根據DSU第六條第一項規定：若控訴國提出要求，爭端解決小組應於此要求第一次出現，作為DSB(Dispute Settlement Body)議程(agenda)上之一項目(item)之後，召開之最近一次(at the latest)DSB會議上成立。除非於該會議上，DSB由共識決(by consensus)做成決定不成立爭端解決小組。DSU第六條第二項規定：成立爭端解決小組之要求應以書面(in writing)為之。此要求需指出(indicate)諮商是否已做成、辨認(identify)議題中之特定措施及控訴(complaint)充分(sufficient)明確(clearly)作為一項爭端之法律基礎之簡短摘要(brief summary)。假如(in case)控訴方(applicant)要求爭端解決小組之成立，並非依據標準授權審查(standard terms of reference)條款，控訴方之書面要求需包含，特殊授權審查條款之草案(proposed text)。

Dispute Settlement Understanding Article 6.1 ( “If the complaining party so requests, a panel shall be established at the latest at the DSB meeting following that at which the request first appears as an item on the DSBs agenda, unless at that meeting the DSB decides by consensus not to establish a panel.” )

Dispute Settlement Understanding Article 6.2 ( “The request for the establishment of a panel shall be made in writing.  It shall indicate whether consultations were held, identify the specific measures at issue and provide a brief summary of the legal basis of the complaint sufficient to present the problem clearly.  In case the applicant requests the establishment of a panel with other than standard terms of reference, the written request shall include the proposed text of special terms of reference.” )

以上英文條文之翻譯為個人翻譯，非權威學者之翻譯。

參考文獻

國際貿易法：世界貿易組織下之法律新秩序 國際經貿法研究(五) 羅昌發 著

1、國際貿易法：世界貿易組織下之法律新秩序 國際經貿法研究(五) 羅昌發 著 2014：683、684