Colonial America: The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European settlements from the start of colonization of America until their incorporation into the United States.
Anne Bradstreet: Anne Bradstreet was the most prominent of early English poets of North America and first female writer in the British North American colonies to be published. She was also a prominent Puritan figure in American Literature. The poems in The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America are, for the colonial period, uncommonly charming and tender.
The Author to Her Book text (female subjectivity)
From preparatory meditations (Crumb of dust 出現3次為重點 )
Prologue (text)
擷取最後一段 → metaphor
Thy Crumb of Dust breaths two words from its breast,
That thou wilt guide its pen to write aright
To Prove Thou art, and that Thou art the best
And show Thy Properties to shine most bright.
And then Thy Works will shine as flowers on Stems
Or as in Jewelry Shops, do gems.
整首詩和William Blake 的神祕主義很像，Tiger並不是在讚美tiger而是造物主
To Prove “Thou art” 是 you are 的意思
講到Puritan一定要提到的
Predestiny
inherited guilt
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" is a sermon written by British Colonial Christian theologian Jonathan Edwards, preached to his own congregation in Northampton, Massachusetts to unknown effect, and again on July 8, 1741 in Enfield, Connecticut.
第10段最常出現的字為 fierceness of His wrath in hell → 顯示上帝的憤怒
O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: it is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held in the hand of that God, whose wrath is provoked and incensed as much against you, as against many of the damned in hell. 一個地獄的形象且重複wrath
Benjamin Franklin: Benjamin Franklin FRS was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and in many ways was "the First American". A renowned polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat.
Franklin’ s remaining years, however, were spent not in a laboratory, but at diplomatic tables in London, Paris, and Philadelphia., where his gift for irony served him well. He was a born diplomat- detached, adaptable, witty, urbane, charming, and clever- and of the slightly more than forty years left to him after his retirement, more than half were spent abroad. 一個外交官的特質
他簽了巴黎合約 Treaty of Paris
1. Felicity
2. natural in old Men
3. Vanity
Names of Virtues
1. Temperance 氣質
Thomas Paine: Thomas Paine was an English and American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary.
Two of the most popular books:
1. Common Sense fired the libertarian ideals of the American revolutions. (urge immediately independence from Britain美國獨立)
2. The Crisis, a stirring series of sixteen papers, was designed to strengthen the morale of the Continental Army.
He wished to be remembered for only three things: drafting the Declaration of Independence, writing and supporting the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1786), and founding the University of Virginia.
As Dumas Malone puts it, he was a “homely aristocrat in manner of life and personal tastes; he distrusted all rulers and feared the rise of an industrial proletariat, but more than any of his eminent contemporaries, he trusted the common man, if measurably enlightened and kept in rural virtue.” 是個內向的人，鄉村情趣
最初北美１３州：Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
The Federalist: Advocates of new Constitution
No man is allowed to be a judge in his own cause, because his interest would certainly bias his judgment and, not improbably, corrupt his integrity. → check balance
Irving became the first American writer of the nineteenth century to achieve an international literary reputation. Also he was the first American who was able to support himself solely through his writing.
He is considered one of the “inventors” of the modern short story.
Rip Van Winkle, there are hints that the single life suited Irving just fine.
But among The Sketch Book’s graceful tributes to English scenes and characters were two immensely popular tales set in rural New York, “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.”
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