※Bildungsroman

In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman; German: "novel of formation/education/culture"), novel of formation, novel of education, or coming-of-age story is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age), and in which, therefore, character change is extremely important.

 

※fable

Fable is a literary genre. A fable is a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, mythical creatures, plants, inanimate objects or forces of nature which are anthropomorphized, and that illustrates or leads to an interpretation of a moral lesson, which may at the end be added explicitly in a pithy maxim.

A fable differs from a parable in that the latter excludes animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech and other powers of humankind.

 

※fantasy

Fantasy is a genre of fiction that commonly uses magic and other supernatural phenomena as a primary plot element, theme, or setting. Many works within the genre take place in imaginary worlds where magic and magical creatures are common. Fantasy is generally distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the expectation that it steers clear of scientific and macabre themes, respectively, though there is a great deal of overlap between the three, all of which are subgenres of speculative fiction.

 

※Adventure (genre)

Adventure fiction is a genre of fiction in which an adventure, an exciting undertaking involving risk and physical danger, forms the main storyline.

 

※realistic fiction (initiation, acceptance into a group or society, conformation)

馬克‧吐溫  《湯姆歷險記》擁有許多兒童文學經典的共同特質: 如爭取小讀者認同的孩童主角(child protagonist)、弱勢族群的集結以挑戰權威、領導統御與兄弟情誼、追求夢想與冒險元素。

 

※The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

L. Frank Baum: children's author, playwright and journalist wrote the American classic The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.

 

當你能夠給予的時候就是成長

 

＊Judy Garland got the role Dorothy in February of 1938, though some preferred Shirley Temple to play it.

 

＊Dorothy saves the Tin Man from rusting when she meets him along the road with a conveniently-placed oil can. She bangs on his chest and hears that he's hollow, and the Tin Man confesses that he has no heart

 

＊人物

稻草人: 想要智慧、頭腦

機器人: 想要心

獅子: 想要勇氣