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WEEK 13 字源筆記(Vocabulary and Etymology)
2017/01/01 22:58
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1.Today's Words

1)-in: "that is within, internal," 1590s, from in (adv.). Sense of "holding power" (the in party) first recorded c. 1600; that of "exclusive" (the in-crowd, an in-joke) is from 1907 (in-group); that of "stylish, fashionable" (the in thing) is from 1960.

eg. all-insign-instand-in

2)ab-:word-forming element meaning "away, from, from off, down," denoting disjunction, separation, departure; from Latin ab (prep.) "off, away from" in reference to space or distance, also of time, from PIE root *apo- "off, away" (also the source of Greek apo "away from, from," Sanskrit apa "away from," Gothic af, English ofoff). 

The Latin word also denoted "agency by; source, origin; relation to, in consequence of." Since classical times usually reduced to a- before -m--p-, or -v-; typically abs- before -c--q-, or -t-.

eg. abstemious, absorbabalienation

3)an-: privative prefix, from Greek an-, "not, without," related to ne- and cognate with Sanskrit an-, Latin in-, Gothic and Old English un-.

eg. anacondaAnacreonticanacrusis 

4)en-: word-forming element meaning "near, at, in, on, within," from Greek en "in," cognate with Latin in (see in), and thus with en- . Typically assimilated to em- before -p--b--m--l-, and -r-.

eg. enraptenthalpyembrasure

5)ir-:assimilated form of the two Latin prefixes in- "not," or "in"  before -r-.

eg. irreconciliationirascibleirate

6)-genword-forming element technically meaning "something produced," but mainly, in modern use, "thing that produces or causes," from French -gène (18c.), from Greek -genes "born of, produced by," which is from the same source as genos "birth," genea "race, family," from PIE *gene- . First used in late 18th century French chemistry , it probably involves a misunderstanding of -genes, as though it meant "that which produces."

eg. genuscollagen antigen 

7)syn-:word-forming element meaning "together with, jointly; alike; at the same time," also sometimes completive or intensive, from Greek syn (prep.) "with, together with, along with, in the company of," from PIE *ksun- "with" (source also of Russian so- "with, together," from Old Russian su(n)-). Assimilated to -l-, reduced to sy- before -s- and -z-, and altered to sym- before -b--m- and -p-. Since 1970s also with a sense of "synthetic."

eg. syncretismsyncytial syndrome

8)sym-:assimilated form of syn-, from Greek form of syn- in compounds with words beginning in -b--m--p--ph--ps-.

eg. Symbionesesymbolismsymbiosis

2.Extra Words

1)congenital:"existing from birth," 1796, from Latin congenitus, from com "together, with" + genitus, past participle of gignere "to beget" . The sense formerly belonged to congenial. Related: Congenitally.

3.Fable

Fable is a literary genre: a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animalslegendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphized (given human qualities, such as the ability to speak human language) and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson (a "moral"), which may at the end be added explicitly as a pithy maxim.

4.Utopia

utopia is an imagined community or society that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect qualities.

Utopian ideals often place emphasis on egalitarian principles of equality in economicsgovernment and justice, though by no means exclusively, with the method and structure of proposed implementation varying based on ideology. According to Lyman Tower Sargent "[t]here are socialist, capitalist, monarchical, democratic, anarchist, ecological, feminist, patriarchal, egalitarian, hierarchical, racist, left-wing, right-wing, reformist, free love, nuclear family, extended family, gay, lesbian, and many more utopias".

5.The Hunger Games (film)

The Hunger Games is a 2012 American science fiction action film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins. It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, with a screenplay by Ross, Collins, and Billy Ray. The film stars Jennifer LawrenceJosh HutchersonLiam HemsworthWoody HarrelsonElizabeth BanksLenny KravitzStanley Tucci, and Donald Sutherland. The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem, where boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 must take part in the Hunger Games, a televised annual event in which the "tributes" are required to fight to the death until there is only one survivor. Katniss Everdeen (Lawrence) volunteers to take her younger sister's place. Joined by her district's male tribute, Peeta Mellark (Hutcherson), Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under the guidance of former victor Haymitch Abernathy (Harrelson).

6.Divergent (film)

Divergent is a 2014 American science fiction action film directed by Neil Burger, based on the novel of the same name by Veronica Roth. The film is the first installment in The Divergent Series and was produced by Lucy Fisher, Pouya Shabazian, and Douglas Wick, with a screenplay by Evan Daugherty and Vanessa Taylor. It stars Shailene WoodleyTheo JamesAshley JuddJai CourtneyRay StevensonZoë KravitzMiles TellerTony GoldwynAnsel ElgortMaggie Q and Kate Winslet. The story takes place in a dystopian and post-apocalyptic Chicago where people are divided into distinct factions based on human virtues. Beatrice Prior is warned that she is Divergent and thus will never fit into any one of the factions. She soon learns that a sinister plot is brewing in the seemingly perfect society.

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