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WEEK 05 西概筆記 (Western Literature)
2017/01/02 13:27
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1.Zeus

Zeus (/ˈzjs/; Ancient GreekΖεύςZeús[zdeǔ̯s]; Modern GreekΔίαςDías [ˈði.as]) was the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythologies and powers are similar, though not identical to those of the Indo-European deities such as IndraJupiterPerunThor, and Odin.

2.Pride

Pride is an inwardly directed emotion that carries two antithetical meanings. With a negative connotation pride refers to a foolishly and irrationally corrupt sense of one's personal value, status or accomplishments, used synonymously with hubris. With a positive connotation, pride refers to humble and content sense of attachment toward one's own or another's choices and actions, or toward a whole group of people, and is a product of praise, independent self-reflection, and a fulfilled feeling of belonging.

3.Achilles

In Greek mythologyAchilles (/əˈkɪliz/uh-kill-eezGreekἈχιλλεύς) was Greek hero of the Trojan War and the central character and greatest warrior of Homer's IliadHis mother was the immortal nymph Thetis, and his father, the mortal Peleus, was the king of the Myrmidons.

4.Seven deadly sins

          

The seven deadly sinsalso known as the capital vices or cardinal sins, is a grouping and classification of vices of Christian origin. Behaviors or habits are classified under this category if they directly give birth to other immoralities. According to the standard list, they are pridegreedlustenvygluttonywrath, and sloth, which are also contrary to the seven virtues. These sins are often thought to be abuses or excessive versions of one's natural faculties or passions (for example, gluttony abuses one's desire to eat).

5.Up in the Air (2009 film)

Up in the Air is a 2009 American comedy-drama film directed by Jason Reitman and co-written by Reitman and Sheldon Turner. It is a film adaptation of the 2001 novel of the same namewritten by Walter Kirn. The story is centered on corporate "downsizer" Ryan Bingham (George Clooney) and his travels. The film follows his isolated life and philosophies and the people he meets along the way. Filming was primarily in St. Louis, Missouri, which substituted for a number of other cities. Several scenes were filmed in DetroitOmahaLas Vegas, and Miami.

7.Today's Words

1)ab-: word-forming element meaning "away, from, from off, down," denoting disjunction, separation, departure; from Latin ab (prep.) "off, away from" in reference to space or distance, also of time, from PIE root *apo- "off, away" (also the source of Greek apo "away from, from," Sanskrit apa "away from," Gothic af, English ofoff; see apo-). 

The Latin word also denoted "agency by; source, origin; relation to, in consequence of." Since classical times usually reduced to a- before -m--p-, or -v-; typically abs- before -c--q-, or -t-.

eg. abstemiousabsorbabalienation

8.Price–performance ratio

Price–performance is often written as cost–performance or cost–benefit. Even though this term would seem to be a straightforward ratio, when price performance is improved, better, or increased, it actually refers to the performance divided by the price, in other words exactly the opposite ratio to rank a product as having an increased price/performance.

9.Garden of Eden

The Garden of Eden (Hebrew גַּן עֵדֶן, Gan ʿEḏen) or often Paradise is the biblical "garden of God", described most notably in the Book of Genesis chapters 2 and 3, and also in the Book of Ezekiel. The "garden of God", not called Eden, is mentioned in Genesis 13, and the "trees of the garden" are mentioned in Ezekiel 31. The Book of Zechariah and the Book of Psalms also refer to trees and water in relation to the temple without explicitly mentioning Eden.

10.Original sin

Original sin, also called ancestral sin, is the Christian doctrine of humanity's state of sin resulting from the fall of man, stemming from Adam and Eve's rebellion in Eden, namely the sin of disobedience in consuming from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. This condition has been characterized in many ways, ranging from something as insignificant as a slight deficiency, or a tendency toward sin yet without collective guilt, referred to as a "sin nature", to something as drastic as total depravity or automatic guilt of all humans through collective guilt.

11.Hubris

Hubris describes a personality quality of extreme or foolish pride or dangerous over-confidence. In its ancient Greek context, it typically describes behavior that defies the norms of behavior or challenges the gods, and which in turn brings about the downfall, or nemesis, of the perpetrator of hubris.

12.Persephone

In Greek mythologyPersephone (/pərˈsɛfəni/per-seh-fə-neeGreekΠερσεφόνη), also called Kore (/ˈkɔər/; "the maiden") or Cora, is the daughter of Zeus and the harvest goddess Demeter, and is the queen of the underworldHomer describes her as the formidable, venerable majestic princess of the underworld, who carries into effect the curses of men upon the souls of the dead. Persephone was married to Hades, the god-king of the underworld. The myth of her abduction represents her function as the personification of vegetation, which shoots forth in spring and withdraws into the earth after harvest; hence, she is also associated with spring as well as the fertility of vegetation. Similar myths appear in the Orient, in the cults of male gods like AttisAdonis and Osiris, and in Minoan Crete.

13.Andromache

In Greek mythologyAndromache (/ænˈdrɒmək/Ancient GreekἈνδρομάχηAndromákhē [andromákʰɛ͜ɛ]) was the wife of Hector, daughter of Eetion, and sister to Podes. She was born and raised in the city of Cilician Thebe, over which her father ruled. The name means "man battler" or "fighter of men" (note that there was also a famous Amazon warrior named "Andromache," probably in this meaning) or "man's battle" (i.e. "courage" or "manly virtue"), from the Greek stem ἀνδρ- "man" and μάχη "battle".

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