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WEEK 10 字源筆記(Vocabulary and Etymology)
2017/01/01 17:51
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1.Today's Words

1)philo-: before vowels phil-, word-forming element meaning "loving, fond of, tending to," from Greek philo-, comb. form of philos "dear" (adj.), "friend" (n.), from philein "to love," of unknown origin. Productive of a great many compounds in ancient Greek.

eg. philanthropyphilanderphilately

2)arch-: also archi-, word-forming element meaning "chief, principal; extreme, ultra; early, primitive," from Latinized form of Greek arkh-arkhi- "first, chief, primeval," comb. form of arkhos "chief".

2.Extra Words

1)forbid: Old English forbeodan "forbid, prohibit" (past tense forbead, plural forbudon, past participle forboden), from for- "against" + beodan "to command" . Common Germanic compound (compare Old Frisian forbiada , Dutch verbieden, Old High German farbiotan, German verbieten, Old Norse fyrirbjoða, Swedish förbjuda, Gothic faurbiudan "to forbid"). 

In Middle English the past tense was forbad, the plural forbade, the past participle forbode. Related: Forbadeforbidden. Expression God forbid is recorded by early 13c. Forbidden fruit is from Genesis ii.17.

2)archbishop: Old English ærcebiscop, from Late Latin archiepiscopus, from Greek arkhi- "chief"  + episkopos "bishop," literally "overseer." Replaced earlier Old English heah biscop . The spelling conformed to Latin from 12c.

3)archangel: late 12c., from Old French archangel (12c.) or directly from Late Latin archangelus, from Greek arkhangelos "chief angel," from arkh- "chief, first" + angelos. Replaced Old English heah encgel.

3.Seven deadly sins

          

The seven deadly sins, also known as the capital vices or cardinal sins, is a grouping and classification of vices of Christian origin. Behaviors or habits are classified under this category if they directly give birth to other immoralities. According to the standard list, they are pridegreedlustenvygluttonywrath, and sloth, which are also contrary to the seven virtues. These sins are often thought to be abuses or excessive versions of one's natural faculties or passions (for example, gluttony abuses one's desire to eat).

4.Seven virtues

In the Catholic catechism, the seven Christian virtues or heavenly virtues refers to the union of two sets of virtues: from ancient Greek philosophy, are prudencejusticetemperance (meaning restriction or restraint), and courage (or fortitude); and the three theological virtues, from the letters of Saint Paul of Tarsus, are faithhope, and charity (or love). These were adopted by the Church Fathers as the seven virtues.

5.Graduate Record Examinations

The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is standardized test that is an admissions requirement for most Graduate Schools in the United States. Created and administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) in 1949, the exam aims to measure verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, analytical writing, and critical thinking skills that have been acquired over a long period of learning and that are not entirely based on any specific field of study outside of the GRE itself. The GRE General Test is offered as a computer-based exam administered at Prometric testing centers.

6.SAT

The SAT is standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. Introduced in 1926, its name and scoring have changed several times; originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, it was later called the Scholastic Assessment Test, then the SAT I: Reasoning Test, then the SAT Reasoning Test, and now, simply the SAT.

7.Atlas (mythology)

In Greek mythologyAtlas ( Ancient GreekἌτλας) was Titan condemned to hold up the sky for eternity after the Titanomachy. Although associated with various places, he became commonly identified with the Atlas Mountains in northwest Africa (modern-day MoroccoAlgeria and Tunisia). Atlas was the son of the Titan Iapetus and the OceanidAsia or Clymene. He had many children, mostly daughters, the Hesperides, the Hyades, the Pleiades, and the nymph Calypso who lived on the island Ogygia.[4] According to the ancient Greek poet Hesiod Atlas stood at the ends of the earth towards the west.

8.Lord's Prayer

The Lord's Prayer, also called the Our FatherPater Noster, and the Model Prayer is a venerated Christianprayer originally recorded in Aramaic that, according to the New Testament, was taught by Jesus to his disciples. Two forms of it are recorded in the New Testament: a longer form in the Gospel of Matthe was part of the Sermon on the Mount, and a shorter form in the Gospel of Luke as a response by Jesus to a request by "one of his disciples" to teach them "to pray as John taught his disciples."

9.Sloth

 P.S click

Sloths are mammals classified in the families Megalonychidae (two-toed sloths) and Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths), including six extant species. They are named after the capital sin of sloth because they seem slow and lazy at first glance; however, their usual idleness is due to metabolic adaptations for conserving energy. Aside from their surprising speed during emergency flights from predators, other notable traits of sloths include their strong body and their ability to host symbiotic algae on their furs.

10.Capital punishment

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime. The sentence that someone be punished in such a manner is referred to as a death sentence, whereas the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. The term capital is derived from the Latin capitalis ("of the head", referring to execution by beheading).

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