(前言)
介係詞和不同性質的名詞一起使用，可以引介出不同的關係的介係詞片語，用來修飾句子的動詞部分，例如地方，時間，方法，工具和狀態，當作副詞來使用，在這裡分別表述。

(壹) 介係詞 + 工具
(A) by + 交通工具  (注意，這裡交通工具視為不可數的名詞，不加 a, 不加複數
      字尾 -s。)
     

(B)  by +交通工具 可以和 其它介係詞片語代換，但是這些名詞必須恢復普通可數名
      詞的特質，單數前面要加上a/an, 複數則需加上字尾-s/-es，一一列舉如下:

      (I)  by + 大型公共交通工具 = on + a/the + 大型公共交通工具
            1.  by bus = on a bus / on the bus
            2.  by MRT= on the MRT
            3.  by THSR = on the THSR
            4.  by train   = on a train  / on the train
            5.  by plane = on a plane / on the plane

      (II) by + 汽車類 = in + a / the / one's +  汽車類 
            1. by car = in a car / in the car / in one's car
            2. by taxi = in a taxi / in the taxi

      (III)  by + 兩輪交通工具 & 動物
              = on + a / the/ one's  兩輪交通工具 & 動物
              1. by motorcycl = on a motorcycle  / on the motorcycl  /
                                         on one's motorcycle
              2. by bicycle     = on a bicycle   /  on bicycles /
                                        by thecycle  /  on one's bicycle(s)
              3. by horse        = on a horse  / on the horse /
                                         on one's horse  /   on horses

(C)  by + 海陸運輸      

Ex:  1.  We are going to Canada by air.  We won't drive this time.
       2.  How will the computers sent to the UK?  By sea, of course.

 
(D) by + 其它工具

(注意)
by +工具名詞，這些名詞視為不可數，不加定冠詞(a, an. the)，也不加複數字尾-s，但是代換成其他介係詞的時候，這些名詞恢復前述的一般可數名詞的文法的特質。

1. by telephone = on the telephone ,      2.  by raido = on the radio   
3. by hand = with hands

(E) with + 工具名詞

Ex:
1.  Tom doesn't like to eat Chinese food with chopsticks.
2.  People used to write with a pen.   Now they just key in the computer
     whatever they want to write.
3.  I need a pen to write with. 
4.  I'll pay with a credit card.

(F)  其他介係詞 + 工具
 Ex: 
1. How would like to pay?   I'd like to pay in cash today.