復健醫療論文英翻中
2009/09/06 17:59
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Trunk rotation can be facilitated during treatment in a variety of different ways.
在治療期間用各種方式，協助軀幹的轉動。
Rotation can be encouraged by having the child lie in a semisupine position inside a small ball bath and tipping the container in such a way as to encourage the desired postural response.
可讓兒童半仰臥於小浴球池中，鼓勵進行身體的轉動，作出所需的姿勢反應。
Trunk rotation can also be facilitated by swinging in a diagonal plane.
身體的轉動可藉由對角平面方向的轉動來進行。
Reachling for or kicking strategically placed objects can also be used during swinging activities to facilitated trunk rotation.
可藉由指定路徑方向的踢球動作，在身體轉動期間協助其轉動。
In addition, the child can be asked to sit sideways on a platform or bolster swing while moving the equipment.
此外，可要求兒童在移動訓練設備時，坐在平臺或搖槓上。
As automatic postural adjustments require the processing of sensory input, the child with sensory integrative dysfunction exhibits in this area.
自動姿勢調整需藉由感應來促成，有知覺綜合官能不良的兒童，即會顯示此方面的缺陷。
This child’s postural adjustments appear less smooth and slow to respond.
兒童的姿勢調整則會顯得生疏遲鈍。
As a result, the child with impaired postural background movements fails to automatically adjust the trunk to more functionally and efficiently use the extremities.
因此，有姿勢自動調整能力缺陷的兒童，在身體對四肢的運用，則更無法發揮其功能和效益。
In general, these children tend to avoid using their trunks actively in the erect upright posture and when automatic postural responses are challenged.
一般來說，這些兒童在挺直姿勢下，在身體需進行自動調整的回應時， 則會避免積極來使用身體的轉動。
Instead, they may seek external support by leaning into other people, objects, or therapeutic handling.
相反的，則非靠向其他的人、物體或治療器材來尋求外在的支撐。
The child who is underresponsive to vestibular and proprioceptive information tends to crave movement experiences.
前庭和本體感受感受功能不佳的兒童，則會更渴望有身體運動的經驗。
This child avoids posturally adjusting the trunk to maintain the center of gravity over the base of support when moving on suspended equipment .
兒童在懸吊訓練設備上移動時，則消極進行身體姿勢上的調整。
The child may rely more on “protective” responses, such as holding onto the suspension ropes of moving equipment rather than using the trunk more actively.
兒童可能更依賴「防護」性的反應，握持移動設備上的纜索，而不是更積極使用身體的轉動。
The child may also rely on high-guard posturing (scapular adduction) when balance is challenged.
在平衡狀態受到改變時，兒童也會靠在高護架(肩胛骨內收姿勢）。
This position leaves the upper extremities unavailable for functional activities such as protective responses and fine motor skills.
此位置點會讓上肢無法發揮其功能活動，如防護性的反應和精巧的移動技巧。
Children who are hyporesponsive to vestibular and proprioceptive information also present deficits in feedforward .
對前庭和本體感受過度敏感的兒童，會出現前饋上的缺陷。
In contrast, children who cannot modulate vestibular and proprioceptive information overreact to vestibular sensory experiences and are considered gravitationally insecure or intolerant of movement .
相反的，無調節前庭和本體感受過度敏感的兒童，則無法維持重心或進行身體上的移動。
These children appear overwhelmed by vestibular information, are unable to respond to it in an adaptive manner, and instead are anxious and fearful.
這些兒童受到前庭感受功能所左右，而無法以適當的方法進行回應，而感到不安和恐懼。
These children fail to perceive their relationship to gravity or the capability of their bodies to maintain balance.
這些兒童無法了解身體和重心的關係，以及身體的相關調節，而無法保持平衡。
As a result, they spend an excessive amount of time protecting themselves from falling or from changing their position in space.
因此，會花費大量的時間來保護自己以免因為身體在空間上的變動而跌倒。
They are often observed to respond too quickly and in an exaggerated manner to imposed or self-generated weight shifts.
可時常觀察到他們的反應過快，而以更誇張的方法或以身體的重量來產生身體上的動作。
This is especially true of protective extension responses in both the upper and lower extremities.
這尤其常見於上肢和下肢的伸展上。
Postural control in the child who exhibits modulation problems needs to be addressed with caution. It is important to allow the child to have control over the movement by having contact with a stable surface .
在身體姿勢調節上有問題的兒童，其姿勢上的控制應更小心處理。重要的是讓兒童接觸到平穩的表面，進行身體動作上的控制。
The child may start by bouncing when sitting on a small ball or moveing side-to-side when sitting on a bolster with the feet on the floor.
當兒童坐在小球上，或併肩移動或用枕墊站立時，可藉由跳躍開始動作。
Facilitation of movement by using neuro-developmental treatment handling needs to be coupled with vestibular and proprioceptive input.
使用神經開發的身體動作輔助治療，需伴隨有前庭和本體感受反應的輸入刺激。
Co-contraction or postural joint stability are traditionally assessed by requiring the sitting child to grasp the examiner’s thumbs and maintain a static flexed elbow position while the examiner alternately pushes up and down on the child’s hands.
在收縮和姿勢的整體穩定度，一般即要求坐姿的兒童握住檢驗人員的姆指，而在檢驗人員上下拉動兒童的手時， 保持手肘的收縮靜態動作。
The child must co-contract muscles of the upper extremities and trunk to prevent movement.
兒童需將上肢和身體的肌肉收縮，以避免姿勢的移動。
This assessment of co-contraction requires the child to maintain a static joint position.
收縮動作的評估，需兒童保持靜態的整體身體姿勢。
In actuality, co-contraction or proximal joint stability cannot be considered a static occurrence.
實際上，身體整體的收縮或近側關節的穩定性，不得視為靜態動作的表現。
The dynamic quality of co-contraction must be considered for function .
收縮的動作在功能上，有其動態特性。
Function co-contraction is dependent upon adequate proprioceptive feedback from muscles, tendons, and joints and the muscles ability to contract.
肌肉功能性的收縮，則依據肌肉、肌腱、關節和肌肉收縮能力，其本體感受回饋的適當情形而定。
Fisher (1991) describes an adaptive behavior against resistance as the most effective means of generating proprioceptive feedback.
Fisher將適當的身體拮抗，被視為產生本體感受回饋最有效的方法。
Activities that incorporate resistance against a force, whether it is gravity or an object, are best to observe functional dynamic co-contraction or proximal joint stability.
整合有身體作用力的拮抗動作，不管是來自重力或是物體的作用，最能夠觀察到功能性動態收縮或近側關節的穩定。
Children with sensory integrative dysfunction exhibit inadequate co-contraction in the shoulder and pelvic girdles.
整體動作感受功能異常的兒童，在 肩膀和骨盆帶出現有不當的肌肉收縮現象。
在治療期間用各種方式，協助軀幹的轉動。
Rotation can be encouraged by having the child lie in a semisupine position inside a small ball bath and tipping the container in such a way as to encourage the desired postural response.
可讓兒童半仰臥於小浴球池中，鼓勵進行身體的轉動，作出所需的姿勢反應。
Trunk rotation can also be facilitated by swinging in a diagonal plane.
身體的轉動可藉由對角平面方向的轉動來進行。
Reachling for or kicking strategically placed objects can also be used during swinging activities to facilitated trunk rotation.
可藉由指定路徑方向的踢球動作，在身體轉動期間協助其轉動。
In addition, the child can be asked to sit sideways on a platform or bolster swing while moving the equipment.
此外，可要求兒童在移動訓練設備時，坐在平臺或搖槓上。
As automatic postural adjustments require the processing of sensory input, the child with sensory integrative dysfunction exhibits in this area.
自動姿勢調整需藉由感應來促成，有知覺綜合官能不良的兒童，即會顯示此方面的缺陷。
This child’s postural adjustments appear less smooth and slow to respond.
兒童的姿勢調整則會顯得生疏遲鈍。
As a result, the child with impaired postural background movements fails to automatically adjust the trunk to more functionally and efficiently use the extremities.
因此，有姿勢自動調整能力缺陷的兒童，在身體對四肢的運用，則更無法發揮其功能和效益。
In general, these children tend to avoid using their trunks actively in the erect upright posture and when automatic postural responses are challenged.
一般來說，這些兒童在挺直姿勢下，在身體需進行自動調整的回應時， 則會避免積極來使用身體的轉動。
Instead, they may seek external support by leaning into other people, objects, or therapeutic handling.
相反的，則非靠向其他的人、物體或治療器材來尋求外在的支撐。
The child who is underresponsive to vestibular and proprioceptive information tends to crave movement experiences.
前庭和本體感受感受功能不佳的兒童，則會更渴望有身體運動的經驗。
This child avoids posturally adjusting the trunk to maintain the center of gravity over the base of support when moving on suspended equipment .
兒童在懸吊訓練設備上移動時，則消極進行身體姿勢上的調整。
The child may rely more on “protective” responses, such as holding onto the suspension ropes of moving equipment rather than using the trunk more actively.
兒童可能更依賴「防護」性的反應，握持移動設備上的纜索，而不是更積極使用身體的轉動。
The child may also rely on high-guard posturing (scapular adduction) when balance is challenged.
在平衡狀態受到改變時，兒童也會靠在高護架(肩胛骨內收姿勢）。
This position leaves the upper extremities unavailable for functional activities such as protective responses and fine motor skills.
此位置點會讓上肢無法發揮其功能活動，如防護性的反應和精巧的移動技巧。
Children who are hyporesponsive to vestibular and proprioceptive information also present deficits in feedforward .
對前庭和本體感受過度敏感的兒童，會出現前饋上的缺陷。
In contrast, children who cannot modulate vestibular and proprioceptive information overreact to vestibular sensory experiences and are considered gravitationally insecure or intolerant of movement .
相反的，無調節前庭和本體感受過度敏感的兒童，則無法維持重心或進行身體上的移動。
These children appear overwhelmed by vestibular information, are unable to respond to it in an adaptive manner, and instead are anxious and fearful.
這些兒童受到前庭感受功能所左右，而無法以適當的方法進行回應，而感到不安和恐懼。
These children fail to perceive their relationship to gravity or the capability of their bodies to maintain balance.
這些兒童無法了解身體和重心的關係，以及身體的相關調節，而無法保持平衡。
As a result, they spend an excessive amount of time protecting themselves from falling or from changing their position in space.
因此，會花費大量的時間來保護自己以免因為身體在空間上的變動而跌倒。
They are often observed to respond too quickly and in an exaggerated manner to imposed or self-generated weight shifts.
可時常觀察到他們的反應過快，而以更誇張的方法或以身體的重量來產生身體上的動作。
This is especially true of protective extension responses in both the upper and lower extremities.
這尤其常見於上肢和下肢的伸展上。
Postural control in the child who exhibits modulation problems needs to be addressed with caution. It is important to allow the child to have control over the movement by having contact with a stable surface .
在身體姿勢調節上有問題的兒童，其姿勢上的控制應更小心處理。重要的是讓兒童接觸到平穩的表面，進行身體動作上的控制。
The child may start by bouncing when sitting on a small ball or moveing side-to-side when sitting on a bolster with the feet on the floor.
當兒童坐在小球上，或併肩移動或用枕墊站立時，可藉由跳躍開始動作。
Facilitation of movement by using neuro-developmental treatment handling needs to be coupled with vestibular and proprioceptive input.
使用神經開發的身體動作輔助治療，需伴隨有前庭和本體感受反應的輸入刺激。
Co-contraction or postural joint stability are traditionally assessed by requiring the sitting child to grasp the examiner’s thumbs and maintain a static flexed elbow position while the examiner alternately pushes up and down on the child’s hands.
在收縮和姿勢的整體穩定度，一般即要求坐姿的兒童握住檢驗人員的姆指，而在檢驗人員上下拉動兒童的手時， 保持手肘的收縮靜態動作。
The child must co-contract muscles of the upper extremities and trunk to prevent movement.
兒童需將上肢和身體的肌肉收縮，以避免姿勢的移動。
This assessment of co-contraction requires the child to maintain a static joint position.
收縮動作的評估，需兒童保持靜態的整體身體姿勢。
In actuality, co-contraction or proximal joint stability cannot be considered a static occurrence.
實際上，身體整體的收縮或近側關節的穩定性，不得視為靜態動作的表現。
The dynamic quality of co-contraction must be considered for function .
收縮的動作在功能上，有其動態特性。
Function co-contraction is dependent upon adequate proprioceptive feedback from muscles, tendons, and joints and the muscles ability to contract.
肌肉功能性的收縮，則依據肌肉、肌腱、關節和肌肉收縮能力，其本體感受回饋的適當情形而定。
Fisher (1991) describes an adaptive behavior against resistance as the most effective means of generating proprioceptive feedback.
Fisher將適當的身體拮抗，被視為產生本體感受回饋最有效的方法。
Activities that incorporate resistance against a force, whether it is gravity or an object, are best to observe functional dynamic co-contraction or proximal joint stability.
整合有身體作用力的拮抗動作，不管是來自重力或是物體的作用，最能夠觀察到功能性動態收縮或近側關節的穩定。
Children with sensory integrative dysfunction exhibit inadequate co-contraction in the shoulder and pelvic girdles.
整體動作感受功能異常的兒童，在 肩膀和骨盆帶出現有不當的肌肉收縮現象。
