（滿語：ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ ᡠᠵᡠ，穆麟德：morin uju，太清：morin uju；意為「馬頭」），俄羅斯稱大烏蘇里島（Остров Большой Уссурийский），是位於黑龍江和烏蘇里江交匯處的一個島系，由包括銀龍島、黑瞎子島在內的93個島嶼和沙洲組成。撫遠三角洲（廣義黑瞎子島）是由銀龍島（俄語：Остров Тарабаров，塔拉巴羅夫島）、狹義黑瞎子島、明月島3個島系93個島嶼和沙洲組成。清朝末年，俄羅斯通過璦琿條約、中俄北京條約將原屬於中國的外東北據為己有，黑龍江和烏蘇里江的交匯處成為兩國國界。1929年中東鐵路事件時，蘇聯軍隊進占黑瞎子島。
1949年中華人民共和國成立後，仍聲索黑瞎子島主權。至2004年，中俄兩國重新勘定國界，將黑瞎子島一分為二，其中西部回歸中國。
換句話說黑瞎子島國如今只是中國與俄羅斯共和國共同擁有管轄地權? 黑瞎子是東北人對於北極黑熊的稱呼. 全島大面積是濕地，有些地區超過海拔40米的高地。島上主要生長柳樹、榆樹、楊樹、柞樹和牧草。島周圍江汊縱橫，水草豐盛，主要魚類有鯉魚、鯽魚、鰱魚、白魚、鰲花幾十種，是鮭魚洄游的必經之路
中國政府在黑瞎子島中國一側建立了黑瞎子島濕地公園。
2016中國國家主席習近平在視察東北期間登上中俄邊境的黑瞎子島視察。
Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island (Russian: о́стров Большо́й Уссури́йский Ostrov Bolshoy Ussuriyskiy), or Heixiazi Island (simplified Chinese: 黑瞎子岛; traditional Chinese: 黑瞎子島; pinyin: Hēixiāzi Dǎo; lit. "black blind island"[note 1]), is a sedimentary island at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers. It is divided between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and Russia. It has an area of about 327 to 350 km² and is bounded closely by Yinlong Island (Tarabarov Island), and over ninety islets (in Chinese, Heixiazi may refer only to the large island or to the island group collectively). Its position at the confluence of the Amur and the Ussuri and right next to the major Russian city of Khabarovsk, has given it great strategic importance.
圖為中國東北和蘇俄的爭議邊界。右下角是黑瞎子島.
2016中國國家主席習近平於邊境的黑瞎子島視察。
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Heixiazi Island to Become Major Joint China-Russian Tourist Resort.Heixiazi Island, a 327 sq km sandbar in the middle of the confluence of the Heilongjiang and Wusuli Rivers (Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island, and the Amur and Ussuri Rivers in Russian) has long been a source of conflict between China and Russia and a major border irritant since it was seized by the Red Army in 1929.
Under an agreement designed to iron out all remaining border disputes between the two nations, China and Russia agreed to share the island two years ago. Foreign investment is now poised to stream in as China unfurls plans to develop their side of Heixiazi as a tourist resort, including hotels and a free trade shopping area.
Currently off limits and guarded by the military, the local Heilongjiang government is planning to make it a northern winter rival to Sanya and to attract wealthy tourists from nearby Russia, Japan, and South Korea. The government plans to invest some US$1.47billion to develop Heixizai, leaving the Russians to play catch up on their side of the island.
