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骷髏會:Skull and Bones.USA.
2018/04/16 13:05
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骷髏會 Skull and Bones 骷髏會的標誌 , 創立時間 1832年, 性質祕密社團.

 總部 耶魯大學, 位於 美國康乃狄克州紐哈芬市.

:Skull and Bones),美國耶魯大學中的兄弟會社團,開始於1832年

 

歷史 :

骷髏會於1832年由耶魯大學畢業生威廉·拉塞爾創立。他出生於美國一個富裕家庭,耶魯大學畢業後曾赴德國遊學一年,據信他在那裏結識了德國某一秘密組織的成員,並從此迷上了秘密社團。回到美國後他召集了大學裏一批好友,成立了秘密組織骷髏會,首批成員中包括(Alfonso Taft),此人後曾出任過美國司法部長,其兒子就是後來的美國總統威廉·塔夫脫。

 

威廉·拉塞爾選定用一個骷髏和兩根交叉的骨頭作為骷髏會的標誌,並用「322」作為協會的標誌。其中「32」代表的是協會成立的年份1832年,後一個「2」則表示該會是德國一個組織的第二個分支機構。此外「322」也可代表公元前322年,據說是希臘神話中掌管口才的優羅嘉女神升天的年份。該組織也崇拜希臘女神優羅嘉,並在某些場合中自稱「優羅嘉俱樂部」。.\

Skull and Bones - Wikipedia 

Skull and Bones is an undergraduate senior secret society at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. It is the oldest senior class landed society. The societys alumni organization, the Russell Trust Association, owns the societys real estate and oversees the organization. The society is known informally as "Bones", and members are known as "Bonesmen".] 

骷髏會的「墓地」,至今依然是成員們聚會的地點。協會創立之初沒有固定的聚會場所,一般每周舉行一到兩次聚會,多在深夜舉行,舉行時會在舉行地點的門上掛出骷髏會的標誌。1856年一名骷髏會成員(Daniel Coit Gillman,此人也是約翰·霍普金斯大學首任校長)以骷髏會創辦人之名成立拉塞爾信託基金會,負責掌管骷髏會的財政。在當年該基金會購置了一棟房產,從此成為今後骷髏會的固定聚會地點,,被稱作「墓地」(tomb)。

 

 

在骷髏會的一百多年歷史中,它始終是耶魯大學眾多學生社團(包括秘密社團)中最受歡迎的社團,每年所吸納的15名會員也被認為是耶魯大學最優秀的學生,雖然有時候吸收的會員也並不僅僅以學生的表現而以其家族背景來決定。根據公開的骷髏會成員資料顯示,有幾個大家族在骷髏會中佔有特別偏高的比例,包括了塔夫脫家族,布殊家族,哈里曼家族和洛克菲勒家族等顯赫世家。

 

傳說與流行文化 :由於骷髏會神秘與精英主義的特性,,許多人相信骷髏會有着特殊甚至不可告人的罪惡使命。很多人相信近現代歷史上幾乎所有的重大事件都是由該會策劃的,包括原子彈的研製,《時代》與《新聞周刊》兩大左右國際輿論的美國媒體的成立,豬灣事件,迺迪遇刺案,水門事件以及美國的外交政策等。

然而雖然在所有這些事件的決策者中,確實都可以找到骷髏會成員的身影,但因此斷定骷髏會是這些事件的幕後主使卻依然沒有確鑿的證據。

2004年美國總統選舉中,民主黨與共和黨推舉的兩名候選人小布殊與約翰·克里竟然都是骷髏會成員,又進一步加深了許多人對於骷髏會的猜疑。

 

 

傳統與影響 :作為一個擁有悠久歷史的社團,骷髏會與其他眾多學生社團一樣有着獨特的文化與傳統。例如在稱呼上,骷髏會成員被稱作(knights),而非骷髏會成員則被叫作「野蠻人」(barbarians)。每名成員入會之後都會取一個綽號,這些綽號可以是以前的骷髏會成員用過流傳下來的,例如最高的男性成員按傳統被叫作(long devil),最會與異性打交道的則被叫作」(magog,威廉·塔夫脫就曾用過這個名字,老布殊據說也是這個名字)等。

當然也有一些綽號也是成員自己取的,沒有什麼典故,例如小布殊的綽號就是「臨時工」。 

 

不可否認的是,骷髏會在美國擁有巨大的影響力。曾經有三名骷髏會成員當上了美國總統:威廉·塔夫脫、,布殊和小布殊。在商界,摩根斯坦利的創辦人就是一個骷髏會成員,而影響巨大的媒體巨頭亨利·盧斯也是骷髏會成員,他創辦了當今美國最具影響力的政論雜誌《時代》。TIME.

 

   相關圖片

 

 

美國與骷髏會關係密切的家族利益集團

 

塔夫脫家族:早期美國鴉片大王,政治世家。

 

惠特尼家族:美國著名的鐵路和軍火大亨

 布殊家族:美國石油和軍火商集團代言人

 龐蒂家族:美國著名的鐵路和金融大亨

 哈里曼家族:美國鐵路大王,著名的鐵路和金融大亨

 洛德家族:美國化工巨頭之一

 菲爾浦斯家族

 洛克菲勒家族:美國老牌金融巨頭,最顯赫的家族之一

 古德伊爾家族

 佩恩家族

 

會員列表

 

以下是部分著名的骷髏會會員:

 威廉·塔夫脫(1878屆):第27任美國總統 

哈羅德·斯坦利(Harold Stanley,1908屆):摩根斯坦利的創辦人之一 

查爾斯·西摩(Charles Seymour,1908屆):美國歷史學家,前耶魯大學校長 

埃夫里爾·哈里曼(W. Averell Harriman,1913屆):前美國駐蘇聯大使、前紐約州州長 

亨利·盧斯(1920屆):《生活》與《時代》雜誌的創辦人,美國著名出版家

 布雷頓·哈登(Briton Hadden,1920屆):《時代》雜誌的另一共同創辦人,據說盧斯和哈登就是在一次骷髏會聚會上萌發了創辦《時代》雜誌的想法的

 

喬治·H·W·布殊(1948屆):第41任美國總統 

小威廉·巴克利:美國著名作家、記者

溫斯頓·洛德(Winston Lord,1959屆):前美國駐華大使、助理國務卿

 約翰·克里(1966屆):美國參議員,2004年美國總統選舉候選人之一

 喬治·W·布殊(1968屆):第43任美國總統.

Skull and Boness membership developed a reputation in association with the "power elite". Regarding the qualifications for membership, Lanny Davis wrote in the 1968 Yale yearbook:

If the society had a good year, this is what the "ideal" group will consist of: a football captain; a Chairman of the Yale Daily News; a conspicuous radical; a Whiffenpoof; a swimming captain; a notorious drunk with a 94 average; a film-maker; a political columnist; a religious group leader; a Chairman of the Lit; a foreigner; a ladies man with two motorcycles; an ex-service man; a negro, if there are enough to go around; a guy nobody else in the group had heard of, ever ...

 .

The Secrets Of Skull And Bones Secret Society - YouTube

 

Yale Skull and Bones initiates of 1918. Prescott Bush, George W Bushs grandfather, who funnelled massive loans from Wall Street to Nazi Germany in the 1930s and even into the Second World War, is standing left of the clock.

 

 Its the primal scene of American power, of Bush family values. For two centuries, the initiation rite of Skull and Bones has shaped the character of the men who have shaped the American character, including two Presidents named Bush..

 Skull and Bonessecret society of senior (fourth-year undergraduate) students at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, that was founded in 1832. Male society members are called Bonesmen, and many have ascended after graduation to positions of prominence in business or government. Three of them—William Howard TaftGeorge H.W. Bush, and George W. Bush—became U.S. presidents.

Skull and Bones was formed in 1832 by William Huntington Russell and Alphonso Taft. According to some accounts, the society was formed after a dispute over elections to Phi Beta Kappa. Other sources conjecture that Russell modeled the society after European groups he encountered while studying in Germany. The society’s original name was the Eulogian Club. It was incorporated in 1856 as the Russell Trust Association.

The emblem of the society is a skull and crossbones with the number “322” beneath it. The number is generally taken to refer to the year (322 BCE) of the death of the Greek orator Demosthenes, a turning point in the transformation of ancient Athens from democracy to plutocracy. The society’s clubhouse is a monumental brownstone building in New Haven called the Tomb. Originally built in 1856, the Tomb was doubled in size in 1903 and has since been further enlarged.


Skull and Bones is the oldest of several secret societies on the Yale campus. Like most of the others, it chooses 15 new members every spring at a ceremony called “tap day” (or “tap night”). Juniors are notified of their selection by a society member who ritually claps them on the shoulder. The society has always kept its affairs secret, but for many years it publicized its membership roster. Some new members are high-achieving students, while others are descendants of socially prominent families. Even though Yale University has admitted women since 1969, females were not granted membership into Skull and Bones until 1992.

A persistent rumour has it that the stolen skull of the Apache leader Geronimo is among the relics that Skull and Bones keeps in its Tomb. In 2009 Geronimo’s descendants sued unsuccessfully to get the skull in question turned over to them.

 

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1樓. TerranceCash
2023/01/21 05:23
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