S + present form of have + freg./time + past participle

 freg.---The adverbs ever,never,already,still. and just are frequently used with present perfect.

John has never visited Paris, but he's seen the Eiffel Tower in pictures.

**Compound Sentence--2/more independent clauses with coordinating conjunction

Aulthough she's always loved Halloween(dependent clause), Sara hasn't ever gone trick-or treating(n.)(independent clause) becase she's been too spooked(dep.clause).           

**Complex Sentence--1 independent clause and at least 1 dependent clause

**Compound- Complex Sentence contains two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

**Contractions for have--I've                  We've

                                       You've              You've

                                  He's/ She's/It's      They've

**trick-or- treating---n.       **"Trick or treat!"(開玩笑或請客)

**My daughter is fifteen years (n.) old.

**My daughter is fifteen-year-old.

**My daughter is fifteen -year-old (adj.) student.

poke--n.刺,戳

cut--v.修剪.切下,割下,砍下.

carve--v.雕刻

slice--v.切片/切薄片

chop--v.劈,砍,

dice--n.骰子(die的複數),小方塊

mince--v.剁碎;斬細

disguise--v.喬裝, disguise as 

She has already disguised herself as a witch before she came to class.

I haven't been to a pumpkin patch, but I haven't gone trick-or-treating.

 I   haven't seen a vampire, but I have watched him/her on T.V.

shy away from--迴避某事物

I shy away from answering his question.