1. p.119
2 .p.145
3. p.213-216
4. p.234-236/ p.248-249/p.301-303/p.305
5. p.323-324
6. p.337-340
7. p.345-348/p.352
8. p.467-468/p.471-482
9. p.505-508
10. p.581
11. p.839
12. .607-609
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Puritanism
Indentify
- original sin
- predestiny
- inherited guilt
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p.119
Anna Bradstreet's  The Author of Her Book (female subjectivity)
Thou ill-form’d offspring of my feeble brain,
Who after birth didst by my side remain, (德語的殘留)
Till snatched from thence by friends, less wise than true,
Who thee abroad, expos’d to publick view,
Made thee in raggs, halting to th’ press to trudge,
Where errors were not lessened (all may judg).
At thy return my blushing was not small,
My rambling brat (in print) should mother call,
I cast thee by as one unfit for light,
Thy Visage was so irksome in my sight;
Yet being mine own, at length affection would
Thy blemishes amend, if so I could:
I wash’d thy face, but more defects I saw,
And rubbing off a spot, still made a flaw.
I stretched thy joynts to make thee even feet,
Yet still thou run’st more hobling then is meet;
In better dress to trim thee was my mind,
But nought save home-spun Cloth, i’ th’ house I find.
In this array ’mongst Vulgars may'st thou roam.
In Criticks hands, beware thou dost not come;
And take thy way where yet thou art not known,
If for thy Father askt, say, thou hadst none:
And for thy Mother, she alas is poor,
Which caus’d her thus to send thee out of door.
-想逃離富強的英國
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p.145
Edward Taylor's From Preparatory Meditations Prologue
Lord, can a crumb of dust the earth outweigh,
Outmatch all mountains, nay the crystal sky?
Imbosom in't designs that shall display
And trace into the boundless deity?
Yea, hand a pen whose moisture doth gild o'er
Eternal glory with a glorious glore.

If it is pen had of an angel's quill,
And sharpened on a precious stone ground tight,
And dipped in liquid gold, and moved by skill
In crystal leaves should golden letters write,
It would but blot and blur, yea, jag and jar,
Unless Thou mak'st the pen and scribener.

I am this crumb of dust which is designed
To make my pen unto Thy praise alone,
And my dull fancy I would gladly grind
Unto an edge on Zion's precious stone;
And write in liquid gold upon Thy name
My letters till Thy glory forth doth flame.

Let not th' attempts break down my dust I pray,
Nor laugh Thou them to scorn, but pardon give.
Inspire this crumb of dust till it display
Thy glory through't: and then Thy dust shall live.
Its failings then Thou'lt overlook, I trust,
They being slips slipped from Thy crumb of dust.

Thy crumb of dust breathes two words from its breast,
That Thou wilt guide its pen to write aright
To prove Thou art and that Thou art the best
And shew Thy prosperties to shine most bright.
And then Thy works will shine as flowers on stems
Or as in jewelary shops do gems.
-metaphor
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p.213-216
Jonathan Edward's Sinner in the Hands of an Angry God
Key word: wrath, anger
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P.234-235 Introduction
Benjamin Franklin
-First page describe how he succeeded and helped people
- Franklin had an uncanny instinct for success and knew that the new commercialism demanded that anyone in business assume a public persona that best served his and his clients' interest, even if it masked one's true self.

- Franklin's observation on electricity were published in London in 1751 and, despite his disclaimers in the Autobiography, won him the applause of British scientists.

- Franklin's remaining year, however, were spent not in a laboratory, but at diplomatic tables in London, Paris, and Philadelphia, where his gift for irony served him well. He was born diplomat－detached, adaptable, witty, urbane, charming, and clever－and of the slightly more than forty years left to him after his retirement, more and than half were spent abroad.
* － 後面是重點
* detach- away from
- In October 1776, he was appointed minister to France, where he successfully negotiated a treaty of allegiance and become something of a cult hero.

- In 1781 he was a member of American delegation to the Paris peace conference, and he signed the Treaty of Paris (巴黎和約), which brought the Revolutionary War to an official end.

- Franklin protested his too-long stay in Europe and returned to Philadelphia in 1785, severing as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention.

- By the time he died in 1790, he was one of the most beloved Americans. Twenty thousand people attended his funeral.

- All the Franklin texts used here－with the exception of The Autobiography－are from The Writings of Benjamin Franklin, edited by Albert Smyth (1905).

p.248-249 Three points
1. Felicity
2.Natural
- I shall indulge the Inclination so natural in old Men, to be talking of themselves and their own past Actions, and I shall indulge it, without being troublesome to others who thro' respect to Age might think themselves oblig'd to give me a Hearing, since this may be read or not as any one pleases.
3. Vanity

p.301-303 tables
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P.337-340
Thomas Jefferson
-President of the United Stated, first secretary of state, minster to France, governor of Virginia, and congressman, Thomas Jefferson once said that he wished to be remembered for only three things: drafting the Declaration of Independence , writing and supporting the Virginia Stature for Religious Freedom (1786), and founding the University of Virginia.

- 1776, he was appointed to join Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston in drafting a declaration of independence.

-In 1784 he was appointed minister to France and served with Benjamin Franklin on the commission the signed the Treaty of Paris.

- Thirteen Colonies- Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts , Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island
- life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
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p.345-348
The Federalist 聯邦論者
- Advocates of the new Constitution.
- Many were fearful at what they saw as the loss of states' rights and the power of a large, impersonal government to dominate the lives of individual citizens, and they cited the absence of a bill or rights.
- As originally conceived, The Federalist had only one purpose: to persuade reluctant New Yorkers to adopt the proposed new Constitution.

p.350
- Checks balance: No man is allowed to be a judge in his own cause, because his interest would certainly bias his judgment and, not improbably, corrupt his integrity.
- legislation: make a law
- judicial: interrupt the law
- cause & effect
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p.467-468
Washington Irving
- Irving regularly addressed darker and more complex themes of historical transformation and personal dislocation. His innovative travel sketches blurred the line between the personal essay and fiction, and he is considered one of the "inventors" of the modern short story.
*中產階級人數提升,女性閱讀人數也提升,導致雜誌的興起
- first American who was able to support himself solely through his writing
- editor of the Analectic Magazine
- He met Sir Walter Scott, an admirer of the Knickerbocker History, who directed him to the wealth of unused literary material in German folktales. There, as scholars have shown, Irving found the source for "Rip Van Winkle"
- The Sketch Book's graceful tributes to English scenes and characters were two immensely popular tales set in rural New York, "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow".
- Cooper, Hawthorne, and many other American writers were inspired by the success of The Sketch Book.
- Rip as a counterhero, an anti-Franklinian who made a success of failure: and subsequent generations have responded profoundly to Irving's pervasive theme of mutability, especially as localized in his portrayal of the bewildering rapidity of change in American life.