這是由谷哥翻譯CNN的文章,請你耐心地看...記得,要接觸國際新聞.(美國爸爸的兒子,說的.)不過,他們的新聞確實有多樣性.例如,美國的媒體人就譏笑美國總統,說"如果,加拿大和俄羅斯合作,來對抗美國.這時,美國的態度是如何?"

Russia sanctions: Why the U.S. and Europe are not quite in step

(By Irene Chapple and Ivana Kottasova, CNN)

 The United States and Europe have reacted against Russia's military intervention in the Crimean peninsula last week with threats of economic punishments. But their positions are slightly different. Here's why.

美國和歐洲的反應，對俄羅斯在克里米亞半島的軍事干預上週與經濟懲罰的威脅。但它們的位置略有不同。這裡的原因。

How important is Russia's economy?  如何重要的是俄羅斯的經濟？ 
 
Russia is the eight biggest economy in the world, with GDP of more than $2 trillion. Its economy -- which is heavily reliant on commodities, particularly oil and gas -- is expected to grow only slightly in 2014 to around $2.4 trillion. Hopes it would be one of the decade's powerhouse economies have faded, with its GDP growing just 1.3% last year compared to 2012, one of the sharpest slowdowns in the emerging markets. 

俄羅斯是八個最大的經濟體在世界上，與更多的超過2萬億美元的GDP。經濟 - 這是嚴重依賴大宗商品，特別是石油和天然氣 - 預計將在2014年只輕微增長至約為240萬億美元。希望這將是十年來的經濟強國之一已經消失，相比2012年，放緩幅度最大的新興市場之一，其國內生產總值不斷增長僅為1.3％，而去年。

Russia boomed in the late 1990s and early 2000s as energy prices rose, then stumbled as demand for commodities contracted. But its energy supplies remain vitally important for the European Union, to which it supplies a third of its natural gas. Germany, the eurozone's biggest economy, imports around 40% of its gas from Russia.

俄羅斯蓬勃發展在90年代末和21世紀初，由於能源價格上漲，然後迷迷糊糊的對商品的需求萎縮。但它的能源供應仍然是歐盟非常重要，它所提供三分之一的天然氣。德國，歐元區最大的經濟體，其周圍氣體的40％從俄羅斯進口。

But Russia's relationship with the West has fractured over the Ukraine crisis, and it now risks being economically isolated by the U.S. and the European Union. Visa bans have been introduced, and harsher sanctions threatened.

但俄羅斯與西方的關係已經破裂了烏克蘭的危機，現在它的風險在經濟上孤立美國和歐盟。簽證禁令已經出台，以及更嚴厲的制裁威脅。

What is Russia's economic relationship with the U.S?什麼是俄羅斯與美國的經濟關係？

The economic relationship between Russia and the U.S. is unbalanced. Russia is the 20th largest trading partner for the U.S., with $27 billion worth of trade exported across the Atlantic. On the flip-side, the U.S. is Russia's fifth largest partner, with just $11 billion worth of trade.
 
俄羅斯和美國之間的經濟關係是不平衡的。俄羅斯是美國的第20大貿易夥伴，以$27十億身價貿易橫跨大西洋出口的。在另一端，美國是俄羅斯的第五大貿易夥伴，與只需$11十億身價貿易。

Barroso: Ukrainian goal is convergence  巴羅佐：烏克蘭的目標是匯聚
According to Russian Foundation chair David Clark, trade is a "relatively unimportant" component of relations. Energy links are also weakening as the U.S. looks to shale gas for its energy supplies and heads towards self-sufficiency.
據俄基金會主席大衛·克拉克，貿易關係的“相對不重要”的組成部分。能源鏈接也削弱作為美國看起來頁岩氣為能源供應和頭實現自給自足。

However, on Thursday the U.S. State Department imposed a visa ban on Russian and Ukrainian officials and individuals "responsible for, or complicit in threatening the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine." President Barack Obama also signed an Executive Order laying the groundwork to impose sanctions against individuals and entities responsible for the crisis

然而，上週四美國國務院實行了簽證禁令對俄羅斯和烏克蘭的官員和個人“的威脅主權和烏克蘭的領土完整負責，或同流合污。”奧巴馬總統還簽署了一項行政命令，奠定了基礎，加重對個人和實體負責危機制裁。

In a statement the White House said the move was a response to "Russia's ongoing violation of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity -- actions that constitute a threat to peace and security and a breach of international law."

一份聲明中白宮表示，此舉是為了響應“俄羅斯正在進行的違反了烏克蘭的主權和領土完整 - 這構成了對和平與安全，違反國際法的行徑”

Clark said the U.S. could get greater leverage over Russia from financial sanctions aimed at the country's banking system and stability of the ruble. Measures targeted at named individuals, similar to those contained in the Magnitsky Act, could also be effective. "Russia's angry response to the act shows that it works," Clark said.

克拉克表示，美國可能會從金融制裁旨在該國的銀行系統和盧布的穩定性得到更大的槓桿作用超過俄羅斯。針對個人命名的措施，類似於那些包含在馬格尼茨基法案，也可能是有效的。 “俄羅斯的行為憤怒的反應顯示，它的作品，”克拉克說。

Russia has threatened to retaliate against sanctions but, according to Clark, it "has a great deal to lose by escalating too far. Seizing western property would make Russia a no-go zone for foreign investors who Russia desperately needs to modernize its economy and maintain energy production."
俄羅斯已經揚言要報復制裁，但根據克拉克，它“有一個很大的升級通過太遠丟失。抓住西部財產將使俄羅斯一個無禁區的外國投資者誰俄羅斯迫切需要現代化其經濟和維護能源生產

Is Europe going to do the same?  是歐洲打算這樣做？

The EU is Russia's largest trading partner, and there are deep economic links between the two. Almost half of Russia's exports -- $292 billion worth -- end up in EU countries. Russia, in turn, is the third biggest trading partner for the EU, with $169 billion in imports.

歐盟是俄羅斯最大的貿易夥伴，而且有兩個深之間的經濟聯繫。幾乎一半的俄羅斯的出口 - 292十億身價 - 結束了在歐盟國家。俄羅斯，反過來，是歐盟的第三大貿易夥伴，以$169十億的進口。

The EU has stepped more cautiously than the U.S. on sanctions. On Thursday, the EU threatened to impose sanctions on Russia if the negotiations between Moscow and Kiev did not prove effective in dealing with the Ukraine crisis.

歐盟已就加強制裁比美國更為謹慎。上週四，歐盟威脅對俄羅斯實施制裁，如果莫斯科和基輔之間的談判並沒有證明能有效處理烏克蘭危機。

European Council President Herman Van Rompuy said negotiations needed to start in the next few days and "produce results." Without that, he said, the EU would look to additional measures such as travel bans, asset freezes, and cancellation of the EU and Russia summit.

歐洲理事會主席範龍佩說，談判必須開始在未來幾天和“產生結果。”如果沒有，他說，歐盟將會考慮採取額外措施，如旅行禁令，資產凍結，並取消歐盟與俄羅斯峰會。

Earlier, a document leaked from British government suggested the UK was happy to impose sanctions -- but only those that would not cause harm to the country's financial sector.

早些時候，來自英國政府洩露的一份文件表明，英國是幸福的制裁 - 但是只有那些不會造成傷害，該國的金融業。

And while G8 members -- excluding Russia -- are threatening to abandon a Sochi summit planned for later this year, Germany has also pushed for more diplomacy.

雖然八國集團成員 - 不包括俄羅斯 - 威脅放棄一個索契峰會計劃於今年晚些時候，德國也推動了更多的外交。

Clark believes Russia could retaliate against any European sanctions, saying it would probably try and "pick-off some of the countries that have been most forceful in advocating tough measures against it -- especially Poland and the Baltic States." However, "it probably wouldn't retaliate against the EU as a whole or against Germany."

克拉克認為，俄羅斯可能會報復任何歐洲的制裁，並稱這可能會嘗試和“挑過一些已經最有力的主張強硬措施反對它的國家 - 尤其是波蘭和波羅的海國家。”然而，“它可能不會報復歐盟作為一個整體或反對德國。”

Meanwhile, the West has offered $16 billion in aid for Ukraine, helping the country prop up its ailing finances. Ukrainian leaders have said they will be $30 billion in the hole by the end of 2015. About half of that debt comes due in 2014.

與此同時，西方已經提供了$16十億的援助烏克蘭，幫助該國支撐其境況不佳的財政狀況。烏克蘭領導人表示，他們將定為30元十億在孔到2015年年底。大約一半的債務在2014年來到到期。

Why the different approaches?  為什麼不同的做法？

The eurozone has only just emerged from its own crisis, and would be wary of cutting ties with such a powerful economic partner. Its reliance on gas out of Russia would also feed caution. In contrast, the U.S. is weaning itself off Russia's energy supplies and its trade relationship is much less intertwined

歐元區才剛剛從自己的危機出現，並會小心切割與這樣一個強大的經濟夥伴關係。其氣出俄羅斯的依賴也將飼料謹慎。與此相反，美國正在斷奶自行關閉俄羅斯的能源供應和貿易關係是少得多交織在一起。

But Louise Cooper, of financial blog CooperCity, said the West risks looking weak if it doesn't follow tough talk with action. The EU has so far "only come up with a threat of symbolic sanctions, even after Crimea has effectively been taken over by Russia with a new pro-Russian government," she noted. Even the U.S. visa ban "will have no impact on either the Russian economy or the American one," she said.

但路易絲庫珀的財經博客CooperCity，稱西找的風險弱，如果它不遵循動作強硬言論。歐盟至今“只拿出象徵性的制裁的威脅，即使在​​克里米亞已有效地接管了俄羅斯的一個新的親俄羅斯政府，”她說。即使美國簽證禁令“將不會對無論是俄羅斯經濟或美國1沒有影響，”她說。

Meanwhile Russia risks isolating itself, Clark said. "It can maintain de facto control over Crimea indefinitely, but it will come at a very considerable long-term cost to Europe's willingness to consider Russia as anything other than a source of trouble and insecurity."

同時俄羅斯風險自我孤立，克拉克說。 “它可以保持實際控制權克里米亞下去，但它會在一個非常可觀的長期成本，以歐洲願意考慮俄羅斯作為以外的任何麻煩和不安全的來源等。”