勿忘國恥1860年10月18日.英法聯軍火燒圓明園 - Red Square 123的部落格

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勿忘國恥1860年10月18日.英法聯軍火燒圓明園

2020/10/18 12:54

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1860年10月18日.被譽為“萬園之園”的圓明園,

被英法聯軍大火焚毀。

圓明園罹難160週年紀念日，勿忘國恥.

2020.秋色蕭蕭,寂靜無聲的圓明園,等待重建,等待,乾隆大帝重返,題詞題名,重新開放,給予老百姓,參觀使用.

18601018.英法聯軍火燒圓明園之前,大肆搶奪園中珍品古玩,古董字畫,金,銀,珠,寶,皇帝御用瓷器,名貴財物等等,之後開始焚燒,破壞,炸毀建築物,尤其是12生肖噴泉,傳聞多數士兵在池塘內沐浴洗滌衣物.甚至於便溺其中.

修護後完整圓明園整體鳥瞰圖,期待集資重新興建.

圓明園位於現今的中華人民共和國北京市海淀區，是一組清朝的大型皇家園林，由圓明園及其附園長春園、綺春園（後改稱萬春園）、熙春園和春熙院組成，而較大的三園通稱為「圓明三園」占地面積3.5平方千米，建築面積達16萬平方米，約合5,200畝^[1]一百五十餘景，有「萬園之園」之稱。清帝每到盛夏就來到這裡避暑、聽政，處理軍政事務，因此也稱「夏宮」。

圓明園規模宏偉，融會了各式園林風格，運用了各種造園技巧，再現詩畫意境，被大多數中國園林學家認為是中國園林藝術史上的頂峰作品；被當作是中國古典園林平地造園、堆山理水集大成的典範。清朝時一些在中國的外國傳教士參觀圓明園之後將其稱作「萬園之園」。^]

1860年，圓明園在英法聯軍之役中被英軍洗劫破壞後放火焚毀，文化大革命期間再次遭到破壞，歷經戰亂劫掠，現時僅存遺址。在中華人民共和國政府成立圓明圓管理處後開始實施保護與利用。於1979年將其列入為文物保護單位，於1988年，圓明園遺址被中華人民共和國國務院公布為第三批全國重點文物保護單位之一。圓明園遺址中部和東部成立了圓明園遺址公園。2008年7月29日，圓明園管理局宣布，開放九州景區。

同時，圓明園在清室150餘年的創建和經營下，曾以其宏大的地域規模、傑出的營造技藝、精美的建築景群、豐富的文化收藏和博大精深的民族文化內涵而享譽於世，被譽為「一切造園藝術的典範」，被法國作家維克多·雨果稱譽為「理想與藝術的典範」。

202010月秋季圓明園的秋色秋景,令人感傷,故園春夢,一去不返,大清帝國的風華絕代,誰人知曉,一把火就灰飛煙滅了,老佛爺的迷夢.哀真是的.

The Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as Yuanming Yuan ; Gardens of Perfect Brightness), and originally called the Imperial Gardens ( Yù Yuán), was a complex of palaces and gardens in present-day Haidian District, Beijing, China. It is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) northwest of the walls of the former Imperial City section of Beijing. Constructed throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Old Summer Palace was the main imperial residence of Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty and his successors, and where they handled state affairs; the Forbidden City was used for formal ceremonies. Widely perceived as the pinnacle work of Chinese imperial garden and palace design, the Old Summer Palace was known for its extensive collection of gardens, its building architecture and numerous art and historical treasures. It was reputed as the "Garden of Gardens"; wàn yuán zhī yuán) in its heyday.

In 1860, during the Second Opium War, as the Anglo-French expedition force steadily approached Beijing, two British envoys, a journalist for The Times and a small escort of British and Indian troopers were sent to meet Prince Yi under a flag of truce^[] to negotiate a Qing surrender. Meanwhile, the French and British troops reached the palace^] As news emerged that the negotiation delegation had been imprisoned and tortured, resulting in 20 deaths,^[] the British High Commissioner to China, Lord Elgin, retaliated by ordering the complete destruction of the palace, which was then carried out by British troops.^2] The palace was so large – covering more than 3.5 square kilometres (860 acres) – that it took 4,000 men 3 days of burning to destroy it.^4] Many exquisite artworks – sculptures, porcelain, jade, silk robes, elaborate textiles, gold objects and more – were looted and are now found in 47 museums around the world, according to UNESCO.