Unit 4-chapter 7

remarkable /rɪm'ɑrkəbəl/

Scientists are just beginning to understand why these remarkable trees have managed to survive for so long and grow so tall.

Def: worthy of notice or attention

E.g.: Her mental capacity and temperament are as remarkable as his.

n: remarkableness  a: remarkably

species ['spiʃiz]

The giant sequoia, a type of redwood that grows in the Sierra Mountains, is the largest species of living tree on Earth.

Def: a group of animals or plants which are all similar and can breed together to produce young animals or plants of the same kind as them

E.g.: Today the survival of our species is threatened.

crown [kraun]

Researchers used to believe that the crown was a fairly empty place.

陌生人：Def: the top point of a mountain or hill

E.g.: The crown was enchased with gold and silver.

coronas coronae

technique [tek'nik]

Now, mountain climbing techniques and tools...

Def: a practical method or art applied to some particular task

陌生人：E.g.: He learnt the technique of interpreting by bits.

enormous [iˈnɔrməs]

One of the main scientific questions about these enormous trees concerns water.

陌生人：Def: extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

E.g.: The two principal officeholders wield enormous power.

enormousness enormously

陌生人：branch [bræntʃ]

they pull it directly from the air into their branches

Def: grow and send out branches or branch-like structures

E.g.: The big ape swung itself from branch to branch.

branching branchy  branched 

陌生人：upper [ˈʌpɚ]

In this way, the upper branches of the tree... and animal life.

Def: something that is abosomething else

E.g.: Students travel the cheap lower deck and tourists the upper.

observe [əbˈzɜ:rv]

Biologists have observed that other plants grow in the dead parts of the tree.

Def: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

E.g.: Scientists observe the same dynamics in fluids.

observed observing  observation 

陌生人：redirect [ˌridɪˈrɛkt]

the tree simply redirects its energy to new growth in other areas

Def: channel into a new direction

E.g.: Controls were used to redistribute or redirect resources.

陌生人：redirected redirecting redirection 

陌生人：mineral [ˈmɪnərəl]

... and complete the process of creating a soil-like environment full of minerals

Def: solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

E.g.: The body is made of mineral-reinforced thermo-plastic.

陌生人：emerge [iˈmɜ:rdʒ]

The dead places become gardens where new plants emerge

Def: come out into view, as from concealment

陌生人：E.g.: The chilling facts behind this veil of silence were slow to emerge.

emerged emerging  emergence

diameter /dɑɪ'æmətɚ/

...these tall trees suvived the fall of a giant meteor that left a hole that was miles wide in diameter and...

Def: a stright line that passes from one side of a circle to the other side

E.g.: The tree is one meter in diameter.

frontier /frənt'ɪr/

The area where they start, called the crown, is a new frontier for scientists.

Def: a boundary

E.g.:They crossed the frontier between Mexico and America.

limb /l'ɪm/

...and animal life that makes their homes on the trees' limbs.

Def: a leg, an arm or wing

E.g.:She has had a artificial limb fitted.

penetrate /p'ɛnətr,et/

...,but as it rots, insects and other plants penetrate the dead wood and complete the process of creating a soil-like ....

Def: pierce of pass into or through

E.g.: The knife penetrate his stomach.

a: penetrating

rot /r'ɑt/

...,but as it rots, insects and other plants penetrate the dead wood and complete the process of creating a soil-like....

Def: decay

E.g.: Sugar rots your teeth.

a: rotten

chapter 8

cylinder /s'ɪlɪndɚ/

The trunk was a thick cylinder that grew straight up for about 20 feet and then sent out broad...

Def: a shape or an object with a flat, circular top and bottom and straight sides

E.g.: We need two cylinders of the same diameter.

foliage /f'oliɪdʒ/

Branches were hitting me in the face leaving bits of foliage in my hair.

Def: the leaves

E.g.: These trees produce much foliage but little fruit.

lean /l'in/

I leaned way back on Gunther and managed not to slide off.

Def: without fat

E.g.: She looked lean, fit and fresh.

n: leanness

leap /l'ip/

..., leaning into curves and leaping over rotting logs.

Def: jump

E.g.: The cat leaped into my lap.

the notes in the class

diameter

dia-: through

eg: dialoge, diagnosis

differ-: to set apart

eg: differentiate, different

dis-: apart

eg: discard, disacord

-sume: to take 

eg: consume, presume

-merge: dip, sink

eg: submerge