How to Become an Expert
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How to Become an Expert-空中英語教室
How to Become an Expert 如何成為頂尖好手(上)
空中英語教室 20250616
(使用CapCut 自動字幕功能)
只要修正英文文法，保留原文，同時將簡體中文修改為繁體中文，不要將原文的英文翻譯成中文
My name is Anne Marie, and today is a great day to learn something new,
so let’s do that together. I’m David, and this is Studio Classroom.
It’s great to have you back with us today, friends,
because we have a great article for you.
It is called “How to Become an Expert,”
and we have a question to start us off with today.
All right, what do you enjoy doing even though you’re not very good at it?
Bowling.
Bowling?
Yes.
You like to go bowling?
I like to go bowling. I am not very good at bowling, but I like to go bowling.
Actually, the last time I went bowling though,
I went with one of my friends who actually is quite good at bowling,
and they gave me some tips that helped me do better.
I like to do DIY projects. I’m not very artistic,
but I really do enjoy making things—just the final product isn’t always that great.
Well, sometimes that—especially for things like that—
the point is not the final product.
The point is how much it helps you relax while you’re doing it.
I agree.
But what we’re going to talk about today, friends,
is how to become an expert in a certain area,
and what factors go into that.
It’s going to be a great lesson. Let’s get right into it.
How to Become an Expert
Becoming an expert is not all up to you.
A good friend of mine is always telling her kids,
“There’s no elevator to the top. You have to take the stairs.”
That’s good advice, because becoming an expert in anything
requires time and a lot of effort.
It’s step by step—just like climbing stairs.
A concept that highlights this is the 10,000-hour rule,
which was popularized by Malcolm Gladwell in his book Outliers.
Hi everyone, welcome to Language Lab. I’m Jack.
我們先來看 elevator 這個名詞，意思是電梯。
比如：
With the elevator out of order, I had to climb ten flights of stairs to reach my apartment.
由於電梯故障，我不得不爬十層樓梯才能到達我的公寓。
(flights 的用法說明
a flight of stairs：一段樓梯（通常指兩層樓之間連續的一段樓梯）
ten flights of stairs：十段樓梯（通常就是爬十層樓）
英文結構解析：
flight 這個字原本是「飛行」的意思，但在建築用語裡，它代表「一段樓梯」。
a flight of stairs就是指「一段樓梯」，通常是一層樓的高度，中間可能有休息平台（landing）。
因此說ten flights of stairs，就是十段樓梯，也就是爬十層樓的樓梯。
I climbed three flights of stairs.
我爬了三段樓梯。
The elevator was broken, so I had to take the stairs—ten flights!
電梯壞了，所以我只好走樓梯——整整十段樓梯！)
與 elevator 相關的名詞是 elevation，是指海拔或高度。
譬如：Because of the town’s high elevation, you may experience altitude sickness during the first few days.
由於這座城鎮海拔較高，頭幾天你可能會出現高山症。
Elevation 的動詞是 elevate，是指提升或抬高。
譬如：The new ad campaign elevated the company’s reputation significantly.
新的廣告活動大幅提升了公司的聲譽。
All right, thank you so much, Jack. Let’s get into our lesson, friends.
Becoming an expert is not all up to you.
This is a very interesting first part, and an interesting statement.
First, let’s talk about “up to” and what that means.
Yeah. If you use this phrase “up to” in this context,
it means the responsibility of someone.
For example: “It’s up to you to make the decision.”
It is your responsibility.
But here in our article, we see that becoming an expert isn’t necessarily up to you.
That’s right. We see in the first line our writer describes a situation:
“A good friend of mine is always telling her kids, ‘There’s no elevator to the top. You have to take the stairs.’”
So what this phrase means is that elevators are easy to go up,
and stairs are difficult to go up.
Just like life—if you go through life easily,
that’s not really how life works. You have to work hard to accomplish things.
In our next line, we see that the writer also agrees that this is good advice.
They say:
“That’s good advice because becoming an expert in anything requires time and a lot of effort.”
Just like going up the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
It’s step by step—just like climbing stairs.
Now, when you say something is “step by step,”
you’re talking about doing something one stage at a time.
You’re not doing the whole project or completing the whole thing at once—
you’re doing it by steps.
That’s right. For example:
“I followed the step-by-step instructions that told me how to put a chair together.”
That’s right. Now we see here in this next sentence
a couple of really good things for us to know:
“A concept that highlights this is the 10,000-hour rule.”
Now we see this word concept, friends, and it means a general idea or a general thought.
Yes. For example:
“The teacher explained the concept very clearly so the students could understand.”
So when we’re talking about concepts, we’re talking about things that you can’t physically see.
We’re talking about something abstract—something that is just an idea.
So the concept we’re talking about here is the idea that things need to be done step by step,
like climbing stairs—and this is called the 10,000-hour rule, right?
This kind of goes back to this idea of using time and hard work.
And here, we see that someone has kind of put a number to that time: 10,000 hours.
And this is something that was popularized by Malcolm Gladwell in his book called Outliers.
If something is popularized by someone, it just means that it was made well-known
or has become widely used.
And I have heard this before.
I even knew about the idea before I knew about the book—
this idea of 10,000 hours to become an expert.
Yeah. So I think this idea has been around for a long time.
But if someone specifically popularizes something,
it means that it’s because of them that something is now well-known.
So, for example, you could say:
“Social media popularized many new trends.”
And like you, I have heard of this idea before,
even though I have not read this book.
Yes. Now we’re going to see—though I’ve heard a lot of different things about it—
some people say, “Oh yes, definitely 10,000 hours.”
But of course, it’s not just about the time—
it’s also about the quality of the practice that you’re getting.
That’s right. All right, friends—
we have more to learn in just a moment,
so let’s go to our next reading right now.
How to Become an Expert
The ten thousand hour rule
suggests that it takes about ten thousand hours
of focused practice
to master any skill.
This idea stems from research by psychologist Anders Ericsson.
He studied highly skilled performers in various fields.
Whether you want to play the violin,
excel in sports, or master computer programming,
the basic principle is the same:
expertise is earned through practice, not luck.
接下來看名詞 psychologist，意思是心理學家。
來看例句：When you become a psychologist, will you focus on research or counseling?
你成為心理學家後，會專注在研究還是諮詢呢？
另一個相關的名詞是 psychology，就是指心理學。
比如：There’s an ongoing debate about whether psychology should be classified as a true science.
關於心理學是否應被歸類為一門真正的科學，一直在爭論不休。
Psychology 的形容詞是 psychological，重音是在第三音節，念作 psychological，意思是心理的或精神的。
譬如：I enjoy podcasts that explore psychological disorders.
我喜歡聽一些探討心理疾病的播客節目。
Okay friends, let’s continue to learn more about this ten thousand hour rule.
We read:
“The ten thousand hour rule suggests that it takes about ten thousand hours of focused practice to master any skill.”
So this is very broad, right? Any skill—
this could be bowling, or playing an instrument, or any number of things.
Also, I like this word focused, right?
It’s not just any kind of practice—it’s focused practice.
If you have focus when you’re doing something,
if you’re focused, then it means that you are
paying close attention to something.
For example:
He stayed focused during the test.
All right, so focused practice means you’re really paying attention while you’re practicing.
Now, I grew up playing the piano,
and I know sometimes when I was practicing,
I wasn’t very focused—I was just playing.
Those types of practice hours
don’t count toward the ten thousand hour rule.
Well then, how many hours do you really need?
Goodness gracious, a lot of hours!
Well, we go on. In the next sentence we see
that this idea stems from research by psychologist Anders Ericsson.
He studied highly skilled performers in various different fields.
So I guess he was studying musicians and he was studying athletes—
these highly skilled performers in various fields.
We will talk about this word later on,
but it’s also related to this idea of being an elite performer.
Okay, so if you’re an elite performer,
it means that you’re one of the best or one of the most skilled.
We often talk about people being elite who are very, very skilled—
athletes—they’re the best of all the athletes.
That’s right. Now the article goes on to say:
“Whether you want to play the violin, excel in sports, or master computer programming,
the basic principle is the same.”
Okay, if you excel at something,
it means that you do extremely well in a certain skill or an activity.
That’s right.
And we see this for a basic principle—
we see that no matter what it is you want to do,
the basic principle is the same.
So you have someone who excels in computer science,
someone who excels in music—
no matter what they’re doing, the basic principle is the same.
A basic principle is a fundamental rule or belief.
Here’s an example of how you can use basic principle in a sentence:
“Honesty is a basic principle in life.”
That’s right. Now in our last sentence we see this great word: expertise.
“Expertise is earned through practice, not luck.”
Once again, no elevator to the top, right?
That’s right. Expertise is a great word for you to know, friends.
Expertise is special knowledge or skill in a certain area.
That’s right. For example:
She has expertise in computer programming.
You know, I think about this,
and I think about that thing about the elevator, right?
Now, luck definitely is not going to give you expertise.
But opportunity is something that I think has a little bit of luck to it, right?
That’s for sure. Some people might have more opportunities than others.
And because of that, they’ve been able to hone their skills,
they’ve been able to practice more,
or they’ve had the resources in order to get better at something.
This makes me think of someone who might be a world-class surfer—
if only they weren’t born in a desert.
That’s a great example.
So you see here,
luck and opportunity do have a little bit to do with whether
or not you’re an expert.
That’s right.
Now we’re going to go on to learn a little bit
more about this idea.
But first, let’s go to our Info Cloud.
Hello friends! Welcome to Info Cloud.
Garrett, I noticed you’ve been spending a lot of time sketching lately.
Are you honing your craft?
Rex: That’s right!
I’ve been practicing my drawing skills a little every day,
and “honing your craft” is a great expression to use.
Let’s talk about it.
To hone your craft means
to improve your skills in a specific area
through consistent effort and practice.
Exactly. The word hone
originally referred to sharpening a blade.
So when you hone your craft,
it’s like saying you’re making your craft sharper
or more effective.
That’s a good way to think about it.
I’ve heard of arts and crafts,
but what exactly does craft mean in that saying?
It’s basically a job or specialized area of work
that requires skill to do.
It can be an artistic thing,
but athletes, teachers, and even mechanics can hone
their craft
by working to improve their skills and techniques.
I guess even if you master something,
there’s always room for improvement.
Exactly.
That’s why you do vocal exercises every day, right?
Whether you’re just starting out or
already an expert, honing your craft is a journey—
not a destination.
Well said, Garrett.
Now I think I need to start honing my coffee-brewing skills.
Good luck with that, Rex!
For all of you out there,
keep working on your craft—you can do it!
Hone your craft 精進你的技藝
Hone your craft 精進你的技藝
日本人的職能精神相當令人佩服。今天跟大家分享的用語是 Hone your craft。
Hone 有精進的含義，craft 是技藝。
Hone your craft 就是精進你的技藝，通過持續不斷的努力和練習，提高你在某個領域的技能。
If you want to be a singer, you have to hone your craft.
如果你想要成為歌手，你需要磨練你的唱功。
不管你做什麼事情，都可以持續地練習，提升自己的能力。
因此有人說：hone your craft 是一個過程，永遠沒有結束的一天。
這就是今天 Info Cloud，我們下次雲端見！
How to Become an Expert
How to Become an Expert
However, it’s not just about putting in the hours.
The quality of practice matters as much as the quantity. The practice must be intentional, and it must involve challenging yourself to improve specitic things.
For example, a piano plager might focus on mastering difficult passages rather than just playing familiar pieces over and over.
今天的 usage tip 又來看比較句型的用法：
A + 動詞 + as much as + B，說明 A 與 B 兩者在執行某動作的時候的程度相當。
副詞 much 修飾動詞的程度。
看看這句：
The quality of practice matters as much as the quantity.
所以只有練習的質（the quality）與量（the quantity）同等重要。
如果將 much 替換成形容詞 many，many 的後面就要接複數可數名詞。
句型就變成：
A + 動詞 + as many + 名詞 + as + B
來看例句：
Sara can type as many words as Benson can in one minute.
Sara 跟 Benson 一樣能在一分鐘內打出同樣多的字。
Alright friends, thank you so much Jack, and let’s get right into this next section.
However, it’s not just about putting in the hours.
We just talked about this ten thousand hour rule,
but here we’re seeing that’s not all there is to it.
That’s right.
I like this phrase putting in the hours.
If you put in the hours,
it means that you spend a lot of time working on something.
For example:
He is putting in the hours to master piano.
Of course, you could put in the hours in a lot of different situations as well.
He is really putting in the hours to make sure his relationship works.
So putting in the hours just has the idea
of spending a lot of time to intentionally accomplish something.
That’s right. It’s a very good phrase to know, I think.
Now, if you put in twenty thousand hours playing piano,
but all you do is press one key over and over again,
are you going to master the piano?
No, not according to our article at least.
The quality of practice matters as much as the quantity.
That’s right.
The practice must be intentional,
and it must involve challenging yourself
to improve specific things.
Okay, intentional is a great term for you to know, friends.
If something is intentional or done intentionally,
it means that it is done on purpose.
You’re doing it with a specific purpose in mind—
you meant to do it.
That’s right.
For example,
you could say that the husband is very intentional about showing love to his wife.
Sometimes people do things and it’s not very nice,
but it wasn’t intentional.
For example:
His rudeness was not intentional.
He didn’t mean to be rude.
Yes, but I guess that person still thought he was rude—
it just wasn’t intentional.
Exactly.
Now, in our next sentence we see an example:
“A piano player might focus on mastering difficult passages
rather than just playing familiar pieces over and over.”
You probably know something about this.
I did—I did learn piano for a long time when I was growing up.
And here when we’re talking about passages,
we’re specifically talking about sections of music.
But this word passages can be used in other ways as well.
You could be talking about specific sections of text
or specific sections of speech as well.
Sometimes when you have a book,
maybe you’ll get a homework assignment
and your teacher says:
“Read the passage from this page to this page.”
That’s right.
Maybe then the teacher assigns several passages
of one of Shakespeare’s plays for the students to read on their own.
Let’s take a break here now, friends,
and talk a little bit about our own personal experience with learning skills.
Is there a certain skill that you have tried to learn in the past
and you felt that this would apply to?
Absolutely.
Well, you know I spent a lot of time trying to learn how to identify stars.
Okay, yeah.
I spent a lot of time—
not... it was more of a hobby, I guess—
but I watched a lot of videos,
and I read some articles in order to be able to
look up into the night sky and be able to tell at a glance:
“This star is that, that star is something else,”
and I know the direction must be that way is east,
or that way is west, based upon where the stars are.
I always felt like having some basic skills in
being able to navigate or know which way to go
based upon the stars is a good skill to have.
So how did you go about putting in the hours to learn that skill?
Well, I would make sure that I had some special apps on my phone
that would give me a good star map.
But I wouldn’t rely on that.
I would also read through things,
read about different stars and their positions,
try to memorize it,
and then just go out on a dark night—
if I could find one here in Taipei—
and then just look up.
A lot of it is just looking up and trying to figure out where things are.
It’s so interesting to me that different skills
require different methods to mastering them.
This is definitely something you should think about
and talk about more, friends.
But right now it’s time for us to go to today’s Fun Fact.
Hello fact friends!
I am Detective Ernest Finder,
and I have a fun fact for you today.
Did you know that sometimes
experts spend lots of time on unnecessary things?
It’s true!
For example, one expert published a scientific paper
explaining that electric fans can help you feel cooler.
I think that’s something everyone knew already!
But that is today’s fun fact.
Well, I’ve had a blast talking about this with you and Marie.
But before we close this out, I have a question for you.
What would you like to be an expert in—and why?
Well, I have spent a lot of years
trying to master the Chinese language.
And at the beginning of my language journey,
I did spend a lot—and I mean a lot—of hours
in classes and doing homework and practicing.
I don’t know if I have reached ten thousand hours,
but if I had the time,
I’d definitely like to spend more time with that.
Oh, I agree.
That’s definitely a skill that I want to put more hours into as well.
Friends, what are you trying to be an expert at?
Talk about that in English.
That’s all the time we have for today.
My name is Anne Marie.
And I’m David.
And we’ll see you next time right here on Studio Classroom.
How to Become an Expert 如何成為頂尖好手(下)
空中英語教室 20250617
(使用CapCut 自動字幕功能)
只要修正英文文法，保留原文，同時將簡體中文修改為繁體中文，不要將原文的英文翻譯成中文
my name is Anne Marie,
and today is a great day to learn something new.
So let’s do that together. I’m David,
and this is Studio Classroom.
What do you want to be an expert in, friends?
That’s what we are talking about today—
how to become an expert.
What are some of the things we learned about yesterday?
I think the biggest thing we learned was this idea of the
10,000-hour rule, popularized by a book by Malcolm Gladwell.
The idea is that it takes
a lot of time and effort—
that you have to put in. You have to really
put in the hours if you want to learn something
and become an expert and gain some expertise in it.
But the most important thing about
that is that you need to be having quality,
focused practice. You need to be challenging yourself,
trying new things,
focusing on different areas that you want to improve
in order for that practice to really turn you
into an expert.
That’s exactly right, friends.
We have a lot more to learn
when it comes to the ten-thousand-hour rule,
so let’s get into our first reading for today:
How to Become an Expert
However,
achieving expert status by following the ten-thousand-hour
rule is not set in stone.
Just putting in practice time
does not guarantee
you will be able to perform at an elite level.
Expect hours of practice to be the path to greatness,
and you will be fooling yourself.
Hi everyone, welcome to Language Lab. I’m Jack.
我們先來看 guarantee 這個字，它可以當動詞和名詞。
當動詞的意思是「保證」，來看例句：
I guarantee you’ll love this product, or you’ll get a full refund.
我保證你會喜歡這款產品，否則你可以全額退款。
guarantee 當名詞也是指保證或是承諾，
譬如：
There’s no guarantee the weather will cooperate, but we’re still planning it as an outdoor event.
雖然無法保證天氣一定會好，但我們還是計劃在戶外舉行活動。
另一個相關的名詞是 guarantor，念作 guarantor，意思是擔保人，
譬如：
Since I wasn’t yet an adult, I needed a guarantor to co-sign the rental agreement.
由於我還沒有成年，我需要一位擔保人共同簽署租賃合約。
Okay, thank you so much, Jack.
Let’s get into our lesson together, friends.
We read:
However, achieving expert status by following the 10,000-hour rule is not set in stone.
There are
two things I want to take a look at in this sentence.
The first is that term status.
That’s right.
Someone’s status is like their rank or their position.
Okay, so for example,
you could say,
He has high status in the company.
He has a high rank
in the company.
Now, there’s something else here as well, friends,
and this is the idea of something being set in stone.
What does that mean?
This is a very good phrase to learn.
You’ll see it pop up in many different
places.
If something is set in stone,
it means that it is
fixed—it can’t be changed,
and you can rely on it.
Exactly. So for example,
sometimes the schedule might
not be set in stone when you go on vacation.
Maybe you have an idea of the things that you want to do,
but it’s flexible. If something is not set in stone,
it’s flexible. If it is set in stone,
that means it can’t be changed.
That’s right—like Newton’s laws of physics.
Although those are a little bit changeable
too—I think we have an article about quantum physics
I talked about that...
But that’s not today.
Okay, good. That’s a lot.
All right. But anyway,
the idea here is that if you want to be an expert,
if you achieve expert status,
this 10,000-hour rule is not necessarily true. And why is that?
When we see in the next sentence
that just putting in practice
time does not guarantee
you will be able to perform at an elite level.
So just sitting there and pressing the one
piano key over and over again
really will not
make me an expert?
No, I think we already established that.
Before?
We did, we did.
But we see that word guarantee
here, friends,
and you did learn about that in your Language Lab.
There’s another
great
term in this next sentence that we want to look at: the path to.
We see:
Expect hours of practice to be the path to greatness,
and you will be fooling yourself.
What do we mean
when we say something is the path to something else?
If something is the path to something else,
it means it is the way to
reach that goal or that place.
Here’s an example of
how you could use the path to in a sentence:
Hard work is the path to
success.
It’s the way that you reach
success. You have to walk on that path
in order to get to that destination.
That’s right.
And we see here though, if you expect hours of practice,
even if they’re
hard-work
practice—if you expect that alone
to be the path to greatness,
then you will be fooling yourself.
If you are fooling yourself about something,
it means that you are believing something
that isn’t true.
And a lot of times when we use the phrase fooling yourself
in English, we’re talking about
intentionally fooling yourself—
like you’re lying to yourself.
For example, if you think that this is something that’s easy,
you’re fooling yourself. You’re telling yourself a lie.
That’s right. That’s actually a really good
connection to make. As often
times, if you’re fooling yourself,
it’s because you know that there’s something that
should be true,
but you don’t want to believe it. You think, “Oh,
that’s too hard for me to think about.
Let me just think this other way.”
But you’re fooling yourself. No
one is fooling you.
Exactly.
So what we see here in this last sentence,
friends, is the idea that
some people think that if they just practice really hard
and do their best, eventually
they’re going to be an expert—but that’s not true.
That’s right.
It takes a special kind of focused practice that we
talked about yesterday.
It takes knowing how and what to practice
in order to really help your skills improve.
And something else comes into play as well.
And that’s what we are going to learn about
in our next reading:
How to Become an Expert
In 2006, psychologist Brooke and Macnamara analyzed 33 different studies.
She looked at the relationship
between deliberate practice and athletic achievement.
Deliberate practice accounted for just 18 percent
of the difference in sports performance
between average players and experts,
and it accounted for only one percent
of the difference between elite performers.
接下來看 performance 這個名詞，意思呢是「表演」。
來看例句：
Critics and audience members alike praised the singer’s performance at his debut concert.
評論家和觀眾都對這位歌手在首場演唱會上的表現讚不絕口。
或是：
Knowing my love for ballet, my dad gave me a trip to the capital to see a performance of Swan Lake as a birthday present.
我爸爸知道我喜歡芭蕾，就送我去首都看天鵝湖的演出作為生日禮物。
Performance 也有「表現」的意思，而 performance review 就是指「績效評估」，
例如：
My boss just announced that performance reviews will happen at the end of the month.
我的老闆剛剛宣布月底會進行績效評估。
Okay, friends,
are you ready for some scientific
research to back this idea up?
Let’s get into our article. What does it say here?
Well, we see that in 2006,
psychologist Brooke and Macnamara
analyzed 33 different studies.
So there have been a lot of different studies done on
how to become an expert.
So the idea here is that
somebody wanted to study this—
they wanted to know
what the relationship was
between practice and becoming an expert.
So they maybe ran tests on certain people
or collected a lot of data
in order to present a report.
That’s right. In order to do this study, her own research,
she looked at the relationship between
deliberate practice and athletic achievement.
Deliberate is a very good word here.
If something is done deliberately or if it is deliberate,
then it was done with careful thought—
similar to that word intentional.
That’s right.
Here’s an example of how you could use deliberate
in a sentence:
His actions were slow and deliberate.
All right,
so if you are doing deliberate practice,
how does that affect
athletic achievement?
We’re specifically looking at the skill of
athletic achievement here.
We see that deliberate practice accounted for just eighteen percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts.
Oh—only eighteen percent?
We’re going to talk about this sentence in just a moment,
but first let’s define this word accounted for.
If something is accounted for,
it is considered or included in a certain plan.
That’s right.
You might think that deliberate practice makes the biggest difference,
but it looks like—no.
No, only eighteen percent.
And in the next sentence,
we say that it accounted for only one percent of the difference
between elite performers.
We talked about that word elite before—this meaning
a top-of-the-line, very highly skilled performer.
But we see this word performers. Actually,
we should talk about that.
A performer is someone who entertains or
does something in public.
Doesn’t have to be an entertainer.
For you guys, performing can also just mean the act of
doing something.
That’s right—
the way something is done, or how well you do something.
Here’s an example:
The performers at the concert were amazing.
But you could also use performers like this:
He was our company’s top performer in the sales department.
That’s right.
Now this is really surprising information to me,
because we see that
the more—
the closer you get to the top, like these elite performers—
the less
this
idea of deliberate practice really makes a difference.
This is really interesting.
So I get the idea that what this
research shows is that if you are a beginner,
and you’re just trying to
start to acquire a skill,
focused practice is really, really important.
But as you reach higher levels of that skill,
maybe focused practice doesn’t account for so much of those
small changes.
That’s right.
I think it’s probably because the higher you get,
the more there’s nuance between what makes something better.
At the very beginning, there are lots of
fundamental, basic principles that you need to learn,
and those are things that you can only really learn through
focused practice and
kind of repetition.
But once you have all the basics down,
and then you have kind of all the middle parts of it down,
and then you’re already one of the best in the world,
the differences between
those people—who are all kind of the best in their field—
how do you practice that? Everything
has been practiced. Everything
has been done before.
Exactly.
This is so applicable to learning English, friends.
When you are just starting to learn English,
and you are trying to
understand basic principles—basic grammar in English—yes,
you have to put a lot of hours in, a lot of focused practice.
But once your English starts to get more and more fluent,
there’s not a lot of focused practice you can do to improve.
It’s just a matter of using your English at that point.
That’s right. Open your mouth and let it come out,
and be bold.
That’s right.
All right, friends,
we’ll be right back after today’s Info Cloud.
Hello friends, and welcome to Info Cloud.
Hey Rex, you are a professional singer.
What advice would you give to
young people who want to become professional musicians?
I think the best advice would be: put in the hours.
Be the most skilled musician you can be.
That’s the only way you can
achieve any kind of success in this field.
That’s very motivating and true.
The expression
put in the hours means to spend a lot of time and effort
working on something to achieve success.
Sadly,
many people think they can achieve great things by being
lucky and without
putting in the hours,
and that’s just not true.
When you put in the hours on something,
you might have to endure
discomfort or even pain,
but in the process,
you master the skills you need to do the thing well.
And mastering those skills is
what brings you success and achievements.
The same goes for learning English.
When you put in the hours,
your English will improve
because of all your hard work and dedication.
put in the hours 投入時間
put in the hours 投入時間
在網絡上很多人都在提倡速成的祕訣和途徑，但是成功是需要 put in the hours，
也就是投入時間，而且是大量的時間與精力，才有可能成功。
If you want to speak English fluently, put in the hours.
如果你想很流利地說英文，你必須付出大量的時間練習。
當你在某件事情上 put in the hours，你可能需要忍受一些不舒服的感受，甚至是痛苦，
但這正是最終會帶來成功的關鍵。
這就是今天的 INFO Cloud，我們下次雲端見。
How to Become an Expert
How to Become an Expert
In addition, elite performers
hadn’t started practicing their sport
earlier in their childhoods.
They had begun
about the same time as their not-so-successful peers.
This suggests that other factors, like natural talent,
personality, and life history,
also play a role in becoming an expert.
Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward.
But remember,
you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it.
You can still enjoy something
without being the best in the world at it.
今天的 Usage Tip 是 in addition、
in addition to、besides 的差別。這三個字呢都表示「除此之外」，但是詞性與用法不太一樣：
in addition 是副詞，會放在句首，
引出單句，為前一句的內容新增資訊；
in addition to 則是介係詞片語，後面會接名詞或是動名詞，可以放在句首或句中；
besides 則是副詞的用法，與 in addition 相同，但是它也可以當介係詞來用，跟 in addition to 一樣。
來看個例句：
You can discuss the question with your classmates in addition to asking the teacher.
除了詢問老師之外，你也可以跟同學討論這個問題。
Friends, we’re continuing to look at this study
done on elite
athletes and how they became so good at their sports.
So we continue on with this next section:
In addition, elite performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods.
So I thought that if you started something earlier,
it meant that you would be better as you got older.
That was always my idea.
I think the stories that we hear about people
that are really amazing chess
players or dancers or something like that are usually
the people who
figured out that that’s what they want to do very
early in life.
And I think sometimes that’s the case, but not
always. We see here that
they had begun about the same time as their not-so-successful peers.
I like that we’ve used not-so-successful here,
because it really just means that
they have failed—they failed to achieve
the results they wanted
or they hoped for.
But we didn’t just say they were a failure.
We say that they were not so successful.
Maybe they had some success.
Maybe they wanted to be an Olympic athlete,
but then they ended up being
a high school gym teacher.
That’s a type of success.
That’s a type of success.
For example, you could say in this sentence:
His first business was not so successful, but he didn’t give up.
All right, it failed,
but we said not so successful—it’s a more
polite way to say that, friends.
Now we see something else here
in this sentence, and this is the idea of someone being your
peer. A peer is a person of the same age or status as you.
This goes for work or for school.
If you’re talking about your peers in the classroom,
this means your classmates—the people who are at your same
age. If you’re talking about your peers at work, these
are people who are of a similar station
as you. Usually,
all of management will be peers,
and then all the people who work on similar
things are peers as well.
That’s right. Like if you are
very well liked by many of the people of your same level,
your same age,
then you could say that you are well respected by your peers.
So if being successful
and an elite athlete is not based on practice,
what is it based on?
Well, the study goes on to say that this suggests that other
factors, like natural talent,
personality, and life history,
also play a role in becoming an expert.
This sort of makes sense to me. I know that one of the
world’s best swimmers,
named Michael Phelps,
he physically had
some things about his hands and his feet that gave him
a slight advantage when he was in the water.
But we’re not talking about physical advantages—
we’re talking about natural talent here.
Natural talent is just a skill that someone is born with,
which is kind of a funny way to say that, because no one is
born with the skill,
but people might be born with
a kind of
being more attracted to a certain skill.
This makes me think of, for example,
if you want to be a musician,
and all of your family sings or plays instruments,
you’re probably going to be more
inclined to be good at playing that instrument,
just because of your environment—
and it’s natural to you.
Here’s an example of how you could use
natural talent in a sentence:
She has a natural talent for painting.
You know,
sometimes we use natural talent to describe a situation
where someone hasn’t been taught.
That’s right. They just sort of picked it up on their own
or something like that. It’s sort of a magic to it.
Now, closing out the article,
we see that becoming an expert
is a great goal to work toward.
But remember,
you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it.
You can still
enjoy something without being the best in the world at it.
Like bowling!
That’s right.
All right,
friends, we’ll be right back after today’s Fun Fact.
Hello fact friends!
I am Detective Ernest Finder, and I have a fun fact
for you today.
Did you know that we often use the word
expert to describe the difficulty level of video games?
It’s true. Beginner,
normal, and expert are often the different
game modes.
A mode is a setting that can be adjusted.
Mod? Mode?
What mode do you play games on? Hmm...
That is today’s fun fact.
Friends, as we end our lesson today, we have a question
for you and for Dave.
Which tip from our article did you find the most useful?
I think it was the reminder that in order to
get to the top level,
deliberate practice is still important,
but once you get there, it’s more about
kind of a creative process of maybe trying new things,
trying to develop new approaches,
and even maybe just being content with where I am,
but always learning.
I like that a lot.
Friends, this is something
really great for you to keep in mind
as you’re trying to improve your English.
Practice and focused practice is important.
Well,
that’s all the time we have for today.
My name is Anne Marie.
And I’m David.
And we’ll see you next time right here on
Studio Classroom.
Bye!
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