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* Sir William Golding (精神文明破產的年代)

                                - Dystopian Novel (community or society that is in some important undesirable or
               frightening, novels of what explore social and political structures)
                        - Example 1: Lord of the Flies (人性)
                                     
                                    - 一群中上階級家庭的小孩，父母為了讓他們躲大戰讓他們坐
                                       上飛機， 而飛機落在荒島上，而使得他們展開沒有秩序的人
                                       生。 (enclosed area, will to power)
                                    - Somewhat at an allegorical level like “The Faeric Queene” by Edmund        
                                       Spenser (神格化 Elizabeth)
                        - Example 2: The Hunger Game (Post-apocalyptic)


                                    - Suzanne Collins, the Best Selling Author, is the author of the
                                       novel
                                    - Survival of the fittest (evolutionary theory, natural selection)
                                    - 有秩序的民主有一天會被奪走
            - vs. Utopian (聖經啓示錄 = apocalyptic, “The book of revelation”, writing
               among early Christians)
            - Dystopian + Utopian are usually found in the science fiction

* Sir Thomas More (a Roman Catholic English lawyer and social philosopher)

            - Opposed the Protestant Reformation (反新教徒改革運動) with Martin Luther
               and John Calvin
            - Utopia (烏托邦): 子虛烏有之地，理想之地但是在現實中並不存在
                        - Example: Peter Pan by J.M. Barrie

                        - The “Neverland”,  Escapism, a fictional place that not all people cease to
                           age, it’s best known resident famously refuse to grow up, wishing for the
                           eternal childhood and immortality.
                                    - vs. “Everland” = the largest theme park in South Korea
                                    - Never say never 
                        - “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day” by William Shakespeare
                                    - “Every fair sometime declines / by chance, or nature’s clanging
                                       course, untrimmed (人的青春美好一定會走下坡)
                                    - “But thy eternal summer shall not fade / When in eternal lines to
                                       Time thou grow’st” (要讀書，用文學記載下來，這樣才能永
                                        生不朽，但是現實生活中要面對自己的衰老)
            - Movie: The Saint

                                

* Plato (大弟子, 善於抄寫筆記)
                                    
            - one of Socrates’ students (his most famous student was Aristotle)
            - Founded the Academy in Athens about philosophy, logic, ethics… etc.
            - Republic (共和國 or 理想國) = the order and character of the just city-state and the just
              man, ruled by philosopher kings.

* The Prince (城邦領土, the political treatise by the Italian diplomat and political theorist Nicolo Machiavelli
            - Odysseus = cunning
            - 探討要什麼樣的國王 = As cunning as a fox, as vicious as a lion (不用人民愛
               戴，只要能夠做事, the vice vs. virtue 美德)
            - Machiavellianism = the employment of cunning and duplicity in statecraft or in general
              conduct, which does not mean morality

* Christianity vs. Buddhism
            - Christianity = monotheism (believe in the existence of one god, oneness of god),  afterlife
            - Buddhism = incarnation (descent from Heaven of God, or divine being in
               human/animal form of Earth, 輪迴)

* Parable
            - A 1. short stories with 2. Narrative featuring, inanimate characters that contains
               3. moral lessons.
            - Examples of Aesop’s Fable: 1. The boy who cried wolf (False alarm); 2. The fox
               and the grapes (Jealousy) 3. The bat, the birds, and the hearts (He that is neither
               one thing nor the other has no friends)
            - 三大奇幻 (Fantasy) 作家:
                          1. Ursula K. LeGuin (Alice in Wonderland);

                          2. L.S. Lewis (Narnia);

                          3. J. R. R. Tolkien (The Lord of the Rings)


* Hubris = extreme pride or self-confidence

* Dy - = Something negative

* 謝謝惠顧 = Thank you for your patronage