Background:

1. 非常常見, <3個月內50%會出現
2. 通常在12-14個月緩解

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Etiology:

1. imature muscle and neuron 神經和肌肉發育未完全，造成逆流

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Clinical presentation:

1. effortless, non-projectile regurgitation 不用出力的溢出

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Treatment and prevention:

1. Suitable volume
   1. 150±30cc/per kg /per day
2. Breast milk feeding 母乳為佳(較好分解)
   1. more digestable
3. Frequent small meals 少量多餐
   1. reduce volume intaked
4. Suitable feeder size 尋找適當的奶嘴大小(太大會吃太多，太小會用力導致吸入

   太多空氣而脹氣)

   1. too large: excessed volume intaked
   2. too small: excessed air intaked
5. Tap the back of infant 餵食後可以輕拍背幫助排氣
   1. expel air
6. Sleep on infant's right side 睡眠時以右側臥為佳(和胃-腸方向一致)，圖片是告訴大家溢奶時不要"左側"臥，

   可以看到食道在氣管之上，若此時溢奶，會導致吸入性肺炎甚至窒息

    
   1. anatomy

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Reference:

1. Uptodate
2. 國民健康署母乳哺育網站
3. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 20e