佛陀時代舍衛城有位著名長者的兒子叫磐踶,他很小就出家為沙彌,出家第八日,就能與舍利弗尊者一起同行化緣,一日在半路上見到農夫引水入田灌溉,他就問舍利弗:「尊者!沒有心識的水,能夠隨人任意的被導引到任何地方嗎?」舍利弗回答可以。
當他們繼續行走,磐踶又見到製弓箭的人正用大火鍛燒著弓箭,使其筆直,也見到木匠鉋平樹幹,用來做車輪,磐踶內心思惟:「沒有心識的水可以由人導引至任何地方,沒有心識彎曲的竹子可以撫直,沒有心識的木柴可以做成有用的東西,那麼,擁有心識的我,為什麼卻無法控制自己的內心,達到修行清淨止觀?」
經過這番深刻的思考後,磐踶當下向舍利弗請求回到精舍自己的房間,深觀己身。此時諸天神讓精舍周遭保持寧靜,幫助磐踶得到清靜的禪修,不久,磐踶即證三果。
此時,舍利弗正朝磐踶的房間走去,佛陀透過神通知道磐踶已證三果,只要繼續禪修下去,就可證得阿羅漢果,因此佛陀阻止舍利弗進入磐踶的房間,佛陀詢問舍利弗一些問題,使他無法進去找磐踶,磐踶才能持續精進證果,這天正是他出家的第八天。
佛陀告訴弟子們:「當一個人精進修行時,天神都會過來護持,我也在門口阻止舍利弗進房,如此磐踶才能證得阿羅漢果。」 (法句經 智者品)
本篇佛典談「心識」問題,心識是指未證悟的凡夫,諸佛菩薩已成就圓滿,因此諸佛只有心智,因為心識是虛妄,而心智是恆久真實,然而虛妄或真實都是心的一種。文中磐踶只是一個八歲的小孩,出家化緣,在路上見到農夫引水入田灌溉,他就能體悟到心識的問題,可見他是一個有智慧的孩子。即使一個成人也不一定能想到「沒有心識的水可以由人導引至任何地方,沒有心識彎曲的竹子可以撫直,沒有心識的木柴可以做成有用的東西」這種問題,但是八歲小孩智慧非凡。
沒有心識的水可以由人導引至任何地方,那麼有心識的人為什麼無法控制自己的內在?每個人的心是虛妄不定,想要壓抑它,心受束縛,越壓抑就會越痛苦,要快樂,應該舒展,不是壓抑。因此,心對一切境如水無痕的狀態,水不起波瀾就沒有痕跡。水受外在干擾而動,雖是透明,但有水波就無法清楚見底,惟有無波無痕,才能清楚見底,所謂見底,就是見到自己光明的心性。
六祖慧能說:「不是風動,不是旛動,仁者心動。」那麼是水在流動,還是自己的心在動?如果沒有真心的運作,就不會有風動、幡動、水動的事相存在,感覺水在動,必然是有一個真心以色根攝取外境,才能顯現內在六塵的境界,然而眾生卻認假為真,忽視了外在一切能動的現象,其實都是自己的心在起作用的。
心識本身不受外塵干擾念頭,就不會迷失本心,如果說「真心」是水,「妄心」就是波紋,波紋是因風動而顯現,風止波息,水就不動,自己的心也一樣,能夠超越內外的分別,不存偏見,不將水與波做分別,就不會為外物所誘惑。為什麼水、竹、木沒有心識,卻能被導引,能被做成有用的東西,而人有心識,卻無法控制自己的起心動念?因為眾生妄念執著眼見是真。
《楞嚴經》云:「塵非常住,若變滅時,此心則同龜毛兔角;則汝法身,同於斷滅。其誰修證,無生法忍?」佛陀在《楞嚴經》中告訴阿難法塵不是常住不動的,它會滅,將外邊的影像當成真心,那就大錯特錯了,就像龜不會長毛,兔子不會長角一樣。是以,真正的修行者是不會去攀緣外境,無論任何境相,如眼見、耳聞、意覺都能不動心,在內心的意識中常保寧靜,就像船過水無痕般,不執著有心,也不執著無心的當下,就能觀照到自己的如來真心。









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