A349上-精神疾病 JCW, 2009/07/27. Copyright.
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某甲去醫院探望好友…… 病(在床上):請你幫我把腳鍊、手拷都打開,我要去 "洗手"。 甲:???????????????? 病:拜託啦! 甲:護士小姐,你能替他打開? 護:喏,鑰匙就掛在門外牆上,你替打他開好啦。 甲:謝謝,我可以自己去拿嗎? 護:行,沒問題;隨便拿就行。用完別忘記要放回原處。 ………… 甲:有五支呢!用哪一支? 病:最長的兩支………………你怎麼搞的,半天也打不開! 護:別使大勁;往左轉就開了。 …………… 病:嗨,真笨;這半天都還打不開!我不行,不能再等了;我去洗手,去去回來再開吧 (病人走去洗手了) === * === 】 |
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您知道 "瘋" 和 "狂" 的不同嗎?我肯定您知道的。
精神病(其實是心理疾病)俗稱神經病;就是精神異常的疾病。通常,肯定自己沒精神異常的人,多半就有精神病。精神病患就是精神異常的人;即所謂瘋子。精神異常不是人格異常;人格異常、或人格有缺陷的人,是狂人。王老頭我是有二十多年病歷的精神病患;你肯定得相信。但是,王老頭我不是狂人。
維基百科有一篇精神異常的資料,我把它的第一段華文和英文都抄錄在下面;談論政治之類問題的人必須不時參考這些資料(尤指下述第三種資料),因為政治人物多半有精神異常的問題。但是,請勿誤會:精神異常不是人格異常;精神有一點異常、不是病。人格異常、或人格有缺陷的人,才肯定是狂人。
請注意:資料裡,華文部分不如英文的詳盡……這是我建議大家多看英文資料、建議年輕人快點下功夫學Basic和Simple English的原因。
為什麼華文資料都不如英文的詳全呢(甚至根本沒有華文的)?洋人對咱秧秧大國華人有岐視嗎?不是說全世界各地都有華人,一口華語天下通嗎?為什麼我華人要看英文資料而不是他們洋人都要學華語華文、看華文資料呢?我華人要自強就一定要堅持大家用華語、甚至母語嗎?為什麼王老頭我會因為主張以英語文為國語而被人罵崇洋、崇美、欺師忘祖呢?……這裡面就有著精神異常的問題;不僅精異常,還有狂妄自大、拒絕檢討的人格缺陷!
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☆(1). 精神疾病Mental disorder-Wikipedia:精神疾病(或稱做心理疾病、情緒障礙、認知功能障礙),俗稱精神病,主要是一組以表現在行為、心理活動上的紊亂為主的神經系統疾病。目前研究所得到的結果認為主要是由於家庭、社會環境等外在原因,和患者自身的生理遺傳因素、神經生化因素等內在原因相互作用所導致的心理活動、行為、及其神經系統功能紊亂為主要特徵的病症。
A mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability that is not expected as part of normal development or culture. The recognition and understanding of mental disorders has changed over time and across cultures. Definitions, assessments, and classifications of mental disorders can vary, but guideline criteria listed in the ICD(國際疾病與相關健康問題統計分類), DSM(精神疾病診斷與統計手冊) and other manuals are widely accepted by mental health professionals. Categories of diagnoses in these schemes may include dissociative disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, eating disorders, developmental disorders, personality disorders, ambulatory disorders and many other categories. In many cases there is no single accepted or consistent cause of mental disorders, although they are often explained in terms of a diathesis-stress model and biopsychosocial model. Mental disorders have been found to be common, with over a third of people in most countries reporting sufficient criteria at some point in their life. Services for mental disorders may be based in hospitals or in the community. Mental health professionals diagnose individuals using different methodologies, often relying on case history and interview. Psychotherapy and psychiatric medication are two major treatment options, as well as supportive interventions and self-help. Treatment may be involuntary where legislation allows. Several movements campaign for changes to services and attitudes.
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這項資料不如下一項重要。
☆(2). 心理疾病分類Classification of mental disorders-Wikipedia:The classification of mental disorders, also known as psychiatric nosology or taxonomy, is a key aspect of psychiatry and other mental health professions and an important issue for consumers and providers of mental health services. There are currently two widely established systems for classifying mental illness - Chapter V of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) produced by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) produced by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Both list categories of disorders thought to be distinct types, and have deliberately converged their codes in recent revisions so that the manuals are often broadly comparable, although significant differences remain. Other classification schemes may be in use more locally, for example the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders(CCMD中國精神疾病分類方案與診斷標準). Other manuals are used by those of alternative theoretical persuasions, such as the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual. Generally there is a significant scientific debate about the relative merits of a categorical system or a dimensional system (also known as a continuum or spectrum system), as well as significant controversy about the role of science and values in classification schemes and the professional, legal and social uses to which they are put.
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這是一面鏡子;照照看,有毛病嗎?
☆(3). 心理疾病列表List of mental illnesses - Wikipedia:根據美國《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》第四版,美國精神醫學學會對現有精神疾病進行分類,其包括四百種疾病。另外,聯合國世界衛生組織的《國際疾病與相關健康問題統計分類》也被廣泛運用於治療心理疾病及行為障礙。精神病學家及相關領域的專家質疑這種精神疾病的分類,且每一種《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》與《國際疾病與相關健康問題統計分類》尚存細微差異。現在的版本仍會更新變化,且新版本會包含新型心理疾病,並對原有資料進行重定義。
[註:下列各項的華文超連結失常時,建議使用英文搜尋]
精神失常(Aberration)
急性應激障礙(Acute stress disorder)
適應障礙(Adjustment disorder)
情感障礙(Affective disorder )
廣場恐懼症(Agoraphobia )
酗酒 和藥物濫用(Alcoholism and substance abuse )
酒精和藥物依賴(alcohol and substance dependence )
失憶症(Amnesia)
懼高症(Acrophobia)
焦慮症(Anxiety disorder)
心因性厭食症(Anorexia nervosa)
反社會人格障礙(Antisocial personality disorder)
亞斯伯格症候群(Asperger syndrome)
注意力不足症(Attention deficit disorder)
注意力不足過動症(Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)
自閉症(Autism)
逃避性人格障礙(Avoidant personality disorder)
喪慟(Bereavement)
戀獸癖(Bestiality)
藏書癖(Bibliomania)
暴食症(Binge eating disorder)
躁鬱症(雙極性情感疾病)(Bipolar disorder)
牛人並發症(Boanthropy syndrome)
軀體變形障礙(Body dysmorphic disorder)
邊緣性人格障礙(Borderline personality disorder)
短期性精神失常(Brief psychotic disorder)
飲食失調症(Bulimia nervosa)
猝倒(Cataplexy)
慢性抽動障礙(Chronic tic disorder)
兒童心理疾患(Childhood Disorder)
生理節律睡眠疾患(Circadian rhythm sleep disorder)
品行疾患(Conduct disorder)
轉化症(Conversion disorder)
性癔病(Conversion hysteria)
循環性精神病(Cyclothymia)
強迫性暴食(Compulsive Overeating)
譫妄(Delirium)
震顫性瞻妄(Delirium Tremens)
妄想症(Delusional disorder)
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