Lord of the flies
U
Lord of the Flies is a 1954 dystopian novel by Nobel Prize-winning English author William Golding about a group of British boys stuck on an uninhabited island who try to govern themselves with disastrous results. Its stances on the already controversial subjects of human nature and individual welfare versus the common good.
欺負上帝不眷顧的小孩

Utopian and dystopian fiction
The utopia and its offshoot, the dystopia, are genres of literature that explore social and political structures. Utopian fiction is the creation of an ideal society, or utopia, as the setting for a novel. Dystopian fiction (sometimes referred to as apocalyptic literature) is the opposite: creation of an utterly horrible or degraded society that is generally headed to an irreversible oblivion, or dystopia
The example of Utopian and dystopian fiction
Book of Revelation(啟示錄)
The Hunger Game(飢餓遊戲)

Plato

Plato was a philosopher, as well as mathematician, in Classical Greece and an influential figure in philosophy, central in Western philosophy. He was Socrates' student, and founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with Socrates and his most-famous student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science.

The Republic (the first concept about utopia)
The Republic is a Socratic dialogue, written by Plato around 380 BC, concerning the definition of justice. The dramatic date of the dialogue has been much debated and though it must take place some time during the Peloponnesian War. It is Plato's best-known work and has proven to be one of the most intellectually and historically influential works of philosophy and political theory.

Niccolò Machiavelli

Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance.

The Prince

The Prince is a 16th-century political treatise by the Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli.
探討需要什麼樣的國王:as cunning as a fox and as vicious as a lion

Neverland
Neverland is a fictional place featured in the works of J. M. Barrie and those based on them. It is the dwelling place of Peter Pan, Tinker Bell, the Lost Boys and others. Although not all people in Neverland cease to age, its best known resident famously refused to grow up, and it is often used as a metaphor for eternal childhood (and childishness), immortality, and escapism.
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?　所有美好的事物都會消失
(韓國有一個遊樂園要everland)
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Athens is named after its patron goodness Athena

Parable
A parable is a succinct, didactic story, in prose or verse, which illustrates one or more instructive lessons or principles. It differs from a fable in that fables employ animals, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature as characters, whereas parables have human characters. A parable is a type of analogy.
Fable
Fable is a literary genre. A fable is a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, mythical creatures, plants, inanimate objects or forces of nature which are anthropomorphized (given human qualities such as verbal communication), and that illustrates or leads to an interpretation of a moral lesson, which may at the end be added explicitly in a pithy maxim.

A fable differs from a parable in that the latter excludes animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech and other powers of humankind.
Aesop's Fable
Aesop's Fables or the Aesopica is a collection of fables credited to Aesop, a slave and story-teller believed to have lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 560 BCE.
Examples:
The boy who cried for wolf
The north wind and sun
The bat, the birds, and the beast
The fox and grape (you are just sour grape嫉妒)
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3大奇幻小說家(fantasy)
Ursula K. Le Guin

J. R. R. Tolkien (The Lord of Rings)

C. S. Lewis(The Chronicles of Narnia)