1.shroud /ʃrɑʊd/ (n.)

Definition: a cloth used to wrap a dead body before it is buried

Ex.With my thread and needle, I'll make the shroud.

 

2.encapsulate /ɪnˈkæp.sjʊ.leɪt/ (v.)

Definition: to express or show the most important facts about something

Ex.It was very difficult to encapsulate the story of the revolution in a single one-hour documentary.

 

3.retrospective /ˌre·trəˈspek·tɪv/  (a.)

Definition: looking back over the past

Ex.She was the subject of a retrospective exhibit.

 

4.patriarchal /ˈpeɪ·triˌɑrk/ (n.)

Definition: a powerful and usually older man in charge of a family, or the male leader of a society in which men hold power

Ex.Thus, the patriarchal system was based upon love, not force.

 

5.autonomy /ɔˈtɑn·ə·mi/  (n.)

Definition: the right of a group of people to govern itself or to organize its own activities

Ex.District officials had rebuffed a proposal to grant greater autonomy to local schools.

 

6.predecessor /ˈpred·əˌses·ər/ (n.)

Definition: a person who had a job or position before someone else, or a thing that comes before another in time or in a series

Ex.The latest model is faster and sleeker than its predecessors.

 

7.chieftain /ˈtʃif·tən/ (n.)

Definition: the leader of a tribe

Ex.The chieftain had a herald who announced his arrival with a trumpet.

 

8.combatant /kəmˈbæt·ənt/ (n.)

Definition: a person who fights in a war

Ex.This man could not have been a combatant.

 

9.duel /ˈdu·əl/ (n.)

Definition: a formal fight, using guns or swords, arranged esp. in the past between two people to decide an argument

Ex.Tony had killed a man in a duel.

 

10.infantry /ˈɪn·fən·tri/  (n.)

Definition: soldiers who fight on foot

Ex.The infantry were equipped with flame throwers.

 

11.ruthless /ˈruθ·ləs/ (a.)

Definition: cruel, or determined to succeed without caring about others

Ex.To compete abroad requires ruthless cost-cutting at home.

 

12.imperialist /ɪmˈpiə.ri.ə.list/ (n.)

Definition: someone who supports imperialism

Ex.Like other imperialists, they played naked big-power politics.

 

13.mounting /ˈmaun·tiŋ/ (n.)

Definition: increasing or rising

Ex.There's been mounting international criticism of the move.

 

14.ferocity /fəˈrɒs.ə.ti/ (n.)

Definition: frightening and violent

Ex.The ferocity of the attack shocked a lot of people.

 

15.solvency /ˈsal·vən·si/ (n.)

Definition: (esp. of companies) having enough money to pay all your debts

Ex.The government should certify the solvency of the companies it regulates.

 

16.intellectual /ˌɪnt·əlˈek·tʃu·əl/(a.)

Definition:relating to the ability to think and understand ideas at a high level, or involving ideas

Ex.He was among the political and intellectual leaders of his time.

 

17.outlook /ˈautˌluk/ (n.)

Definition:the likely future situation

Ex.The economic outlook is good.

 

18.fusion /ˈfju·ʒən/(n.)

Definition: when two or more things join or are combined

Ex.His innovative albums feature a fusion of progressive rock and soul.

 

19.tripartite /ˌtraɪˈpa.ta It/(a.)

Definition:involving three people or organizations, or existing in three parts

Ex.A tripartite agreement brought together government, industry and trade unions in an effort to reduce unemployment.

 

20.converge /kənˈvɜrdʒ/(v.)

Definition:to move toward the same point and come closer together or meet

Ex.Six fire trucks converged on the burning factory.

 

21.protract /prəˈtrækt/ (v.)

Definition:lasting for a long time or made to last longer

Ex.I have no desire to protract the process.

 

22.permeate /ˈpɜr·miˌeɪt/ (v.)

Definition:to spread through something and be present in every part of it

Ex.The smell of detergent and bleach permeated the air.

 

23.manifestation /ˌmæn·ə·fəˈsteɪ·ʃən/ (n.)

Definition:a sign showing the existence of a particular condition

Ex.His refusal to see us was a manifestation of his guilt.

 

24.aristocrat /əˈrɪs·təˌkræt/ (n.)

Definition:a class of people of high social rank

Ex.Jeff is a prep-school-educated American aristocrat.

 

25.landholding /ˈlændˌhəʊl.dɪŋ/ (n.)

Definition:an area of land that someone owns or rents

Ex.One source of the problem is china's fractured farming sector,comprised of small landholdings which make regulation difficult,experts said.