Election (選舉/競選)
廖 柏 森
《新聞英文搭配詞：學會collocation，擺脫中式英文》:
各國的選舉制度electoral system不同，因此選舉的詞彙也有或多或少的差異。例如在台灣的總統選舉presidential election是由每位民眾投票的直接選舉direct election，但在美國還分為政黨初選primary election和大選 general election。也就是由民主黨the Democratic Party和共和黨the Republican Party (或稱the Grand Old Party, GOP)兩個政黨先進行初選，並於全國黨大會national party convention上確定參加大選的總統候選人presidential candidate。而且美國有選舉人團electoral college制度，一般民眾並不能直接選舉總統，他們只能在各州選出承諾會支持某候選人的選舉人候選人elector candidate，再由當選的選舉人elector投票給總統候選人。另外，選民必須事先主動登記過後registered 才能投票。
l 動詞 + election
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v.
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n.
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中譯
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boycott
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election
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抵制選舉
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contest / fight
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在選舉中競爭
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have / hold
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舉行選舉
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lose
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輸掉選舉
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monitor
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觀察選舉
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rig
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操弄選舉
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run for
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競選
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win
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贏得選舉
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例句:
Mr. Chen urged voters not to boycott the election.
陳先生力勸選民不要抵制選舉。
Mr. Lee lost the election and then retired from politics.
李先生競選失利並退出政壇。
The candidate ran for election after her husband died in a political assassination.
她因丈夫死於政治暗殺，便毅然投入競選成為候選人。
He accused the ruling party of rigging the elections.
他指控執政黨選舉舞弊。
l 形容詞 + election
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adj.
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n.
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中譯
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congressional
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election
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國會選舉
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democratic
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民主選舉
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direct
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直接選舉
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disputed
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有爭議的選舉
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fair
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公平選舉
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fixed / fraudulent / rigged / tainted
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舞弊的選舉
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free
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自由選舉
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general
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公眾的選舉
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heated
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激烈的選舉
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indirect
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間接選舉
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legislative
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立法委員選舉
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local
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地方選舉
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parliamentary
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國會選舉
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presidential
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總統大選
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upcoming
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即將到來的選舉
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例句:
The interim government promised free elections under the new Constitution.
此過渡政府承諾將依據新憲法舉行自由選舉。
The KMT’s seats saw a significant drop in comparison to the number in the previous legislative election.
國民黨的席次與前次立法委員選舉相較顯然減少許多。
They knew they had little chance of winning the presidential election.
他們了解要贏得總統大選的機會渺茫。
Tens of thousands of middle-class urbanites gathered Saturday to vent their anger over tainted elections.
成千上萬的中產階級都會居民在週六集結，渲洩他們對於腐敗選舉的怒氣。
l election + 名詞
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n.
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n.
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中譯
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election
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act
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選舉法令
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boycott
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抵制選舉運動
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campaign
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選舉活動
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candidate
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選舉候選人
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committee
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選舉委員會
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defeat
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敗選
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fraud / rigging
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選舉舞弊
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manipulation
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選舉操弄
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observer
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選舉觀察員
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reform
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選制改革
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result
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選舉結果
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subsidy
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選舉補助金
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victory
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勝選
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violation
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選舉違法
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例句:
There was no immediate reaction from Beijing on the election results.
北京對於此選舉結果尚未有立即的回應。
The opposition party challenged his election victory last year.
反對黨不服他去年的勝選。
相關詞彙搭配:
a hotly contested election: 競爭激烈的選舉
a landslide election victory: 壓倒性勝選
campaign headquarter: 競選總部
campaign rally: 選舉造勢集會
campaign speech: 競選演說
campaign strategy/ tactic: 競選策略
Civil Servants Election and Recall Act: 公職人員選舉罷免法
election, recall, initiative and referendum: 選舉、罷免、創制和複決
presidential campaign: 總統競選活動
presidential candidate: 總統候選人
presidential debate: 總統競選辯論
presidential nomination : 總統候選人提名
running mate: 競選夥伴
seeking re-election: 尋求連任
the invalidation of the election results: 選舉結果無效
to force a rigged presidential election to be rerun: 迫使舞弊的總統大選重新選舉
to quit the US presidential race:退出美國總統大選
