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[技巧]雅思寫作重點分析
2018/08/23 20:25
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只要是英文寫作不管是一般寫作還是進一步像雅思寫作這類型的學術文章,都不是單靠模板就有辦法立即學會或是寫得好,少了單字、少了句型、少了思路都讓你的作文言之無物,不知所云。所以知己知彼百戰百勝,先了解雅思考試寫作大題到底是考些什麼,才能了解該怎麼準備。

 

雅思寫作第一大題

 

1. 介紹Ielts Writing Task 1是指考生要將雅思作文題目中出現的圖表寫出其中具有意義、值得去描述的趨勢及數量之間的變化關係。

 

2. 圖表種類

A. Bar chart – 柱狀圖



IELTS Writing



B. Line graph – 折線圖



雅思



C. Pie chart – 圓餅圖



雅思寫作圓餅圖



D. Table – 表格



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E. Map – 地圖



雅思



F. diagram – 示意圖



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G. Building plan – 建築平面圖




雅思寫作



H. Follow chart – 流程圖

 

雅思



3. 時間:雖然基本上雅思寫作包含Task 1Task 21小時,但是雅思寫作第一大題盡可能要在20分鐘內寫完,不然會壓縮到第二題的寫作時間。

 

4. 字數:至少要150字以上,字數太少是會扣分的,建議至少有170 – 190字之間。

 

5. 評分標準:綜合以下數點來評分。

 

A. Task achievement這個部分主要是要看考生所寫的文章有沒有跑題以及對於題目中所提供的資訊是否是否完整、正確、清楚地描述,主要是對於圖片中關鍵的數值變化以及其中差異描述。

 

B. Coherence and cohesion:這兩個評分標準主要是評斷考生對於這些數值的引用以及於文章中各段落對於數值描述所呈現出的連貫性、正確性。

 

C. Lexical resource:而這就是對於單字的運用狀況,以及拚字是否正確作為判斷標準,主要還是希望考生能用不同的單字或是不同的敘述方式來說明。

 

例句There is a rise of 5% in the number of female smokers.

        There is an increase by 5% in the number of female         

        smokers.

        The number of female smokers has grown by 5%.

 

D. Grammatical range and accuracy這個評斷的標準就是文法使用的正確度如時態,以及是否能用複合性句子於作文內,也就是有沒有辦法用稍微複雜的句型。

 

例句1: Replacement of leaded gas with unleaded one picked up speed at the beginning of 1991.

例句2: China has 1.3 billion people, accounting for one-fifth of the world’s population.

例句3: The number of female students has reached 1500, indicating a rise of 3%, compared to last year.

 

6. 注意要點

 

A. 僅可就圖表中顯示的客觀資訊來進行撰寫,不需要添加個人觀點在內,減少第一人稱的使用;另外也不用對圖中資訊提出建議或推斷現在的發展狀況。

 

如以下開頭句型應該避免:

例句1: I think that...

例句2: I believe that...

例句3: I would suggest...

例句4: Its obvious that...

例句5: In my opinion...

 

 

B. 使用正確的字句來描述圖表中數值的變化,並且要運用不同的單字來表達,增加靈活性和深度。

例句1: The cost went down and the sales went up accordingly.

例句2: The fall lasted for six months but the reduction was negligible.

例句3: Though there was a slight increase in rice production, the number of people affected by shortages of food continued to grow.

 

C. 描述的主軸須要是圖表中具有意義、值得去描述的趨勢和數值之間的變化關係,但也無需要將圖表中所有的變化都寫進作文中。

 

例句1: The NNN Company has the highest sales figure in the five four companies, followed by the CBC, NGH, MDE Companies.

例句2: The MDE Company, the income from sales is $50 million, making the company the highest one in sales.

例句3: The number of female students has reached 1200, indicating a rise of 3%, compared to last year.

 

D. 時態與文法一定要使用正確,避免扣分,譬如圖表中沒有出現任何以往年度或是顯示過去的統計數據,則是用現在簡單式,但大部分的還是會用過去式。

 

E. 特別特別注意圖表的標題,以及圖表中數值或區塊所代表的指標。

 

7. 學習方法

 

A. 依照自己的程度,挑選一本適合自己的雅思課本。

 

如果具有一定的英文基礎情況下,推薦下面兩本專門雅思寫作教學的書籍:

 

Improve Your Skills: Writing for IELTS 4.5-6.0 Students Book

 

ielts



Improve Your Skills: Writing for IELTS 6.0-7.5 Students Book

 


ielts

 

基本上這兩本書有依照程度作不同的說明與教學,算是一步一步引領讀者去學習,裡面也包含有例句、單字、文法和範文,但前提是有基本的英文程度,因為沒有中文說明,所以對於基礎者會有點吃力。

 

B. 至少要熟悉10個以上不同描述數值變化的字句如倍數、百分比、上漲或下降、期間等等。

 

例句1: This year there has been an increase in unemployment of 5%.

例句2: There has been a slight increase in the value of the dollar.

例句3: In 2002, a significantly low percentage of the population who did not finish high school had a computer, but this figure skyrocketed by 2010, going from 15% to over 40%.

 

C. 多看英文財經新聞

 

如果一開始不知道要去哪裡找這些例句,建議可以透過『自由時報 - 中英對照讀新聞』或是『台灣英文新聞』這類具有中英對照的財經新聞開始學習,除了文章內容不長也比較貼近時事,正確性與辨識度相對也較高,算是一個滿好的英文學習免費資源。

 

後期則使用劍1-13的範文學習,也可以利用CNNBBC財經新聞或是經濟學人The Economist來熟悉,由於像此種全球性新聞或雜誌的用詞遣字以及文章結構的嚴謹度是非常高的,也沒有太多過於艱深的字句,所以是標準的學習例句。

 

*常見的雅思寫作TASK 1單字

動詞

上升

to rise
to increase
to climb
to grow
to surge
to skyrocket
持平

remain steady

maintain stable
下跌
to fall
to decrease
to decline
to go down
to decline
to plunge

片語

to show an upward trend
to hit the lowest point
to reach a peak
to show some fluctuation
to fluctuate wildly
to remain unchanged
to stay constant
to reach a plateau
to level off
to flatten out
the second highest
the third highest

compared to 
compared with
relative to

副詞

sharply
suddenly
rapidly
abruptly
dramatically
significantly
steadily
considerably
markedly
slightly
gently
gradually


 

 

雅思寫作第二大題

 

1. 介紹:IELTS Writing Task 2是指考生針對雅思作文題目寫出一篇250字以上的短文,舉一個IELTS 寫作第二大題曾經出過的題目:Some people think that parents have the greatest influence on their child’s academic development, while others think that a child’s teacher has more influence. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 就可以理解。

 

2. 題目種類:

 

A. Opinion

B. Discussion

C. Advantage / Disadvantage

D. Cause / Solution

F. Direct Question

 

3. 常見內容種類

 

A. Education

B. Environment

C. Crime & Punishment

D. Communication & Personality

E. Family & Child

F. Health

G. Media & Advertising

H. Society

I. Work

 

3. 時間:雅思寫作Task 1Task 2 1個小時,官方建議Task 2 至少要預留 40分鐘,但這也只是建議,所以自己要控制時間,因為只要某一大題花過多時間,就可能壓縮到另一題的時間。

 

4. 字數:至少要250字以上,字數太少是會扣分的,但建議至少有270– 290字之間。

 

5. 評分標準:綜合以下數點來評分。

 

A. Task response 通篇作文是否有針對題目寫出完整、適切、清楚、良好的論點來回答,簡單來說就是有沒有跑題。

 

B. Coherence and cohesion這兩個評分標準主要是評斷考生在作文中組織架構的能力以及文中的邏輯思維是否正確,段落敘述的連貫性等等,總體要有4-5個段落。

 

C. Lexical resource而這就是對於單字、片語的運用狀況,以及拚字是否正確作為判斷標準,主要還是希望考生能用不同的單字或是不同的敘述方式來說明,也就是說是否具有一定的深度和靈活度。

 

D. Grammatical range and accuracy這個評斷的標準就是文法使用的正確度如時態,以及是否能用複合性句子於作文內,也就是有沒有辦法用稍微複雜的句型,另外要特別注意標點符號的正確性。

 

舉一篇官方給予7.5分的IELTS Writing Task 2學生作文評語,就可以了解基本了解。

 

評語:This is a thoughtful and well argued response to the task. The candidate examines the opposing views of the topic and gives a clear opinion that is well developed and supported. To reach the highest band a more clearly-signalled conclusion would be needed. The argument is well organised and linking is well managed throughout. The development of the answer is not helped, however by poor control of paragraphing which sometimes confuses the links across different sections. This is a weak feature of the script which limits the overall rating. In contrast, an excellent range of vocabulary is used with a sophisticated level of control and only rare slips. The range of structures is also wide and most sentences are accurate and precise, but there are some errors and omissions. These, however, are only minor and do not affect communication.

 

6. 注意要點

 

A. 習慣寫作前先擬稿寫大綱:建議平常練習以及考試時都要花個3-5分鐘左右思考回答的架構以及內容大綱,主要是先理解題目,之後在將要提出的論點、例子、思路草擬一下,這樣其實非常有助於事先檢查自己要寫的內容有沒有離題,和段落架構的連貫性、是否具有邏輯。

 

B. 建議買或借Cambridge IELTS 1-13輔助學習 :想考雅思至少要用上幾本Cambridge IELTS 1-13(也可稱1-13),這是劍橋官方全真雅思考古試題,數字越大越新,一本有四回,但是它設定的適用程度大約CEF B2-C1 = IELTS Score 5.0-7.5+,原因在於書中會有官方採用實際雅思考生優秀的文章以及評語,所以除了可以練習之外,也可以實際了解到怎麼樣的架構與字句是可能拿到高分進而模仿,再來就是怎樣的作文卻是只能拿到普通分數,甚至是低分,自己應該避免。

 

C. 循序漸進地練習:一開始在練習英文寫作的時候,不用挑很難或是大議題來寫,也不要勉強用複雜困難的字句於作文內,因為這時候不管是思路和是字句因為掌控力還不足,很容易跑偏或寫錯,所以建議從小題目練習起,像是介紹喜歡的書籍、好友或旅行等等,之後在慢慢地練習雅思寫作的題目,擴張自己的內容和題目範圍。

 

D. 作文嚴謹勿鬆散:依據雅思寫作評分標準除了要內容要符合題目主旨之外,另外一個重點是段落與句子之間要能彼此互相呼應,最忌諱就是原本在寫A但是理由和例子卻與A無關,或是舉了AB兩個論證但是AB卻彼此無關或關係甚小。

 

E. 理不在多,重要是據理說明完整度:每個段落都應該要清楚明白地寫出該段落要點,以及衍生的論點與具體例子說明。

 

F. 個人意見表達一次即可,切勿含糊不清或重複表達。

 

G. 運用模板加速寫作速度,但須懂得變化句型和用字。

 

辯論類常見模板:

 

Introduction:

Public concern has arisen about … I personally believe that … for three reasons.

 

Main Body 1:

To start off with, … Evidently,… ; as a result,… This point can be confirmed by the example of …

 

Main Body 2:

Also, it seems…In general, …; thus,…In other words,…

 

Main Body 3:

Additionally, it is commonly accepted that …, which means … Specifically,…

 

Main Body 4:

Some people may argue that… I admit this is legitimate concern, However,…

 

Conclusion:

Therefore, overall I would argue that … Consequently, it would be wide for … to …, which, I believe, is in the best interest of all the parties involved.

 

問題類常見模板:

 

Introduction:

Currently, … is causing great concern. In this essay, I intend to explore the … and the …of this issue.

 

Main Body 1:

It is obvious that the … of … are highly complex. First, …It is evident that…Secondly, …one need only look at …to see…Thirdly,…Hence,…

 

Main Body 2:

In light of the above factors, I am convinced that immediate action should be taken to combat this situation. Priority should be given to … For instance …Besides, This is due to the consideration that … Most importantly,…Clearly…

 

Conclusion:

In summary, the …of …are complicated; therefore, we should take a wide range of measures, including…,…and …to address this problem the damage caused by this trend becomes irreverisible.

 

H. 豐富靈活的句型與用字:例如常用片語,變化不同的句型如倒裝、強調、假設或是增加對句中主受詞、動詞的描述。

 

例句1: It is often seems that amount of money they are able to earn in a short time cannot possibly be justified by the amount of work they do.

例句2: Some job are repetitive and boring, and labour relations may be poor, which leads to resentment and insecurity rather than to job satisfaction.

例句3: Strange as it may seem, parents’ attention sometimes hinders students’ academic development.

 

I. 找個有能力批改作文的老師:文法和拚字問題其實不大,因為網路上已經有許多免費檢查的網站,就連Word也有此功能,但是關於作文更細部的架構和用字問題,就不是它們有辦法檢查的,更不用說思路的建議和文章的內容修正檢討,所以雅思寫作或口說盡量還是跟著合格優秀的老師來學習,效果會更好。

 

雅思寫作難嗎初期在沒有英美寫作概念和架構體系時,常只能望題興嘆,想擠出10個句子已經不容易,只能不斷地寫、不斷地閱讀,去學習更多的單字片語、學習不同的描述方式和句型結構,這也是為什麼要看範文的理由,只有透過模仿才能越寫越好。

 


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