● 假設語氣:
是一種動詞形式用來表達命令、建議、祈望、或與現在事實相反的假設。
同樣的主詞,動詞在假設語氣的形式,與非假設語氣的形式是不一樣的。
1. If I were you, I wouldn’t keep driving on those tires.
如果我是你,我不會持續用這些輪胎開車。
主詞“I”是第一人稱,動詞應該是“was”,我們卻用"were"改變動詞的形式來表示假設語氣。
2. 我希望我是個富人。
I wish (that) I was a rich man.
● 表示提議、要求、命令等概念的動詞(advise, recommend, suggest, propose, insist, request, demand)後面的that子句應該用假設語氣的原形動詞(其實這個原形動詞前面是有個助動詞should被省略掉)。
Ex:
1. The doctor advises/recommends/suggests/proposes that Jerry (should) get more exercises.
Jerry 雖然是第三人稱、單數,我們還是用動詞原式 get, 而不用 gets。
2. I suggest that he study for the exam.
我建議他用功準備考試。
用 he study 而不是 he studies。
I suggest that he (should) study for the exam.
3. I demand that he see me immediately.
我要求他立即見我。
不用 he sees, 而用 he see 表示急迫的的要求,是一種命令。
I demand that he (should) see me immediately.
4. He insists/requests/demands that she (should) stay overnight.
she 雖然是第三人稱、單數,我們還是用動詞原式 stay, 而不用 stays。
5. I insist that he leave at once.
我堅持他得馬上離開。
用 he leave 而不是 he leaves。
I insist that he (should) leave at once.
● 虛構主詞 It 帶頭的底下這許形容詞,通常其後 that-子句用原形動詞來表示假設語氣。
It is + urgent/mandatory/crucial/essential/proper/necessary/imperative + that + S + V.
Ex:
1. It is mandatory that you (should) be there on time.
你得準時到那裡,它是強制的。
子句中動詞 be 前面的 should 可以省略掉。
2. Is it essential that we (should) be there?
有必要我們在那裡嗎?
子句中動詞 be 前面的 should 可以省略掉。
資料來源: 基礎實用文法