1.sophistication(n.) [sə͵fɪstɪˋkeʃən]

sophisticated character, ideas, tastes, or ways as the result of education, worldly experience

 

2.indigenous(adj.)[ɪnˋdɪdʒɪnəs

originating in and characteristic of a particular region or country; native

Ex:Indigenous communities have been subject to decisions made by people.

 

3.transmission(n.)[trænsˋmɪʃən]

the act or process of transmitting

Ex:the transmission of diseases

 

4.dominant(adj.)[ˋdɑmənənt]

ruling, governing, or controlling; having or exerting authority or influence

Ex:The dominant influence in her life was her father.

 

5.archaeology(n.)[͵ɑrkɪˋɑlədʒɪ]

the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains, esp. those that have been excavated

 

6.wrestle (v.)[ˈres(ə)l]

to fight by holding and pushing someone

Ex:Many the generations wrestle, knees grinding the dust.

 

7.coerce (v.)[koʊˈɜrs]

To make someone do something by using force or threats.

Ex:Athens taxed and coerced the subject cities.

 

8.capriciously (adv.) [kəˋprɪʃəslɪ]

likely to change your mind suddenly or behave in an unexpected way.

Ex:Capriciously stubborn or eccentric; perverse.

 

9.eloquently (adv.) [ˈɛləkwəntlɪ]

In an eloquent manner; stated well.

Ex:The Furies argue eloquently.

 

10.tilt (v.) [tɪlt]

to move something so that one side is lower than the other.

Ex:Athena tilts the judges’ vote.

 

11.asymmetry (n.) [eˈsɪmɪtrɪ]

Lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

Ex:The trilogy also shows clearly: gender asymmetry.

 

12.maneuver (v.) [məˈnuvər]

to get something you want, often in a way that is not honest.

Ex:A maneuver, stratagem, or ploy, especially one used at an initial stage.

 

13.specter (n.) [ˈspektər]

the possibility of something unpleasant that might happen in the future;a ghost.

Ex:The specter of unemployment hunted the country.

 

14.subjugation (n.) [ˌsʌbdʒʊˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n]

Forced submission to control by others.

Ex:It justifies women’s normal subjugation in Greek cultural.

 

15.nullify (v.) [ˈnʌləˌfaɪ]

to make something lose its legal effect;to make something lose its value or effect.

Ex:The state of being nullified.

 

16.inundation (n.) [͵inʌnˋdeiʃən]

to cover with a flood.

Ex:Rising rivers could inundate low-lying areas.

17.manifest (adj.) [ˋmænifest]

readily perceived by the senses and especially by the sense of sight.

Ex:Fear was manifest on his face.

 

18.seashore (n.) [ˋsi͵ʃɔ:]

land adjacent to the sea.

Ex:We took a walk along the seashore.

19.spew (v.) [spju:]

to come forth in a flood or gush.

Ex:Exhaust spewed out of the car.

20.bestow (v.) [biˋstəu]

to put in a particular or appropriate place.

Ex:I hardly deserve the praises that were bestowed upon me

 

21. Irrigate (v.) [ˋɪrə͵get]

To supply farmland with water, by building ditches, pipes, etc

Ex: They irrigate their crops with water from this river .

 

22. Gigantic (adj.) [dʒaɪˋgæntɪk]

Very large

Ex: He was a guard of gigantic strength .

 

23. Crescent (n.) [ˋkrɛsnt]

The figure of the moon as it appears in its first or last quarter, with concave and convex edges terminating in points

 

24. Peasant (n.) [ˋpɛznt]

A member of the lowly social class which toils on the land, constituted by small farmers and tenants, sharecroppers, farmhands and other laborers on the land where they form the main labor force in agriculture and horticulture

Ex: Just before sunset the peasants quit laboring in the fields .

 

25. Exploit (v.) [ɪkˋsplɔɪt]

To use for one’s own advantage

Ex: He is accused of exploiting child labor .