複合節能 丹麥綠色執政30年

Integrated Conservation - Denmark Marks 30 Years of Green Policy

丹麥節能成果斐然，除因偏重社會福利、公用事業多為非營利機構，避免民間企業干擾外，主要還是歸功於一系列政策成功落實：包括高稅負、高電價、政府開源、公營區塊暖氣供應、嚴格建築法規、補貼節能家電、強制企業節能。

In addition to an emphasis on social welfare and non-profit public utilities that resist private sector interference, Denmark’s remarkable successes in energy conservation can be attributed primarily to the successful implementation of a number of particular policies. These include high taxes, high electricity rates, state exploitation of resources, district heating initiatives, strict building codes, subsidies for energy-efficient household appliances and compulsory measures for energy conservation by businesses.

1973年石油危機後，丹麥與日本便成為少數幾個致力節能的國家；特別是丹麥，儘管經過30年的經濟發展，現今國內生產總值（GDP）已經成長一倍，但能源消耗量還維持在1970年代的水準，相較於其他國家以高耗能換取經濟成長，丹麥的策略顯然有獨到之處。

After the oil crisis of 1973, Denmark and Japan became two of the few countries to commit to energy conservation. Denmark in particular has maintained national energy consumption at 1970s levels, while nonetheless enjoying 30 years of economic growth and a doubling of GDP. Denmark’s strategies in this regard are clearly unique when compared to other countries which have relied upon high energy consumption to fuel economic growth.

在高稅負及高電價部分，採用的就是「以價制量」策略：丹麥人現在買一台新車，除了車價本身，還要負擔約合車價105％的登記費，而且燃料還要另外課稅。電價部分，丹麥的工業用電價格要比美國高了43％、比法國高24％、比英國高19％。這種策略雖然造成不少企業關廠歇業，但專家認為，存活下來的丹麥企業現在反而享有優勢，因為他們已經在節能上大幅領先其他歐盟國家。

With respect to taxation and electricity pricing, the strategy is to control demand by increasing costs – Danes buying a new car, for example, must pay, in addition to the vehicle cost, a registration fee amounting to 105% of that cost, and taxes are assessed upon fuel as well. Industrial users of electricity in Denmark pay rates that are some 43% higher than in the USA, 24% higher than in France and 19% higher than in the UK. Even though this policy has led to the closure of quite a number of firms, experts nonetheless believe that those companies that have survived now enjoy an advantage because they now rank as out-and-out European leaders in energy conservation.