.China and Russia are pushing to expand membership in the Brics bloc of emerging economies to counterbalance Western influence, while others in the group are reluctant to admit new entrants, such as Iran and Cuba, for fear of alienating Washington..
Brics Nations at Odds Over Adding to Their Number.
Debate about whether and how to expand is likely to feature prominently during group’s summit.
Iran, Saudi Arabia, Others Invited to Join Brics Group
Expansion is a victory for Russia and China who want to bolster the bloc against competition from the West.
.The Brics—Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa—is considering an expansion, with more than 40 countries looking to join. WSJ analyzes whether an enlargement could ultimately challenge the powerful G-7.
Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Argentina, Iran, Ethiopia and the United Arab Emirates have been invited to join Brics, which currently comprises Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, the blocs leaders said on Thursday, the final day of a summit inJohannesburg.20230824
中國國家主席習近平強調,這次擴員是「歷史性的」,體現金磚國家同發展中國家團結合作的決心。.
習近平則強調中國「過去是、現在是、將來也永遠是發展中國家的一員」。他並宣布中國已經成立總額40億美元的全球發展和南南合作基金,中國金融機構即將推出100億美元專項資金用於落實全球發展倡議。
傳聞沙烏地阿拉伯願意補繳納過去12年迪會員國費用除此之外,沙烏地阿拉伯願意增資3000萬美元於金磚銀行. .
Saudi Arabia, UAE and Iran among six countries invited to join BRICS group.
Oil powers Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have been invited to become members of the BRICS group of developing nations in its first expansion in over a decade.
Also invited are Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia and Argentina, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said Thursday as he wrapped up the annual summit of the group in Johannesburg.
Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan said the kingdom was awaiting details from the BRICS group on the nature of the membership, and would take an “appropriate decision” accordingly.
All six countries invited had already expressed an interest in joining. The BRICS group currently includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
“The membership will take effect from the first of January, 2024,” Ramaphosa said.
In a video message, Russian President Vladimir Putin congratulated the new BRICS members, adding that the bloc’s global influence would continue to grow..
.“I would like to congratulate the new members who will work in a full-scale format next year,” Putin said.
“And I would like to assure all our colleagues that we will continue the work that we started today on expanding the influence of BRICS in the world,” the Russian president added.
China’s President Xi Jinping called the bloc’s expansion “historic,” reflecting its determination to “unite and cooperate with developing countries.”
“[It will] inject new impetus into the BRICS cooperation mechanism and further strengthen the power of world peace and development,” Jinping said..
.Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi also welcomed the expansion, saying his country had always believed that adding new members would strengthen the bloc.
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習近平在金磚峰會結束時的新聞發布會上表示：“讓我們共衕努力,譜寫新興市場國家和發展中國家團結合作謀發展的新篇章！”
國際戰略觀察家分析人士表示,新成員加入可能會進一步削弱該集團的凝聚力和決策,而集團現有成員所代表的經濟,治理體系和意識形態本身已是迥然相異,它們在處理與美國的關系時也釆取了截然不衕的策略。
南非比勒陀利亞智庫安全研究所(Institute for Security Studies)高級研究員Priyal Singh說：“這些國家組合在一起有點奇怪。”.PS提到了沙特與伊朗以及埃及與埃塞俄比亞之間的緊張關系。從2024年起,中東和北非確實會對該集團有很大的影響力。
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Can BRICS create a new world order?
Dozens of nations want to join the five-nation club. But to challenge the US-led global hierarchy, BRICS first needs to overcome internal fissures..
They are giant economies, with even bigger populations and still greater ambitions. Starting Tuesday, leaders of the group of nations known as the BRICS – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – are meeting for a three-day summit, which is expected to draw eyeballs from capitals around the world.
Russian President Vladimir Putin will not attend the August 22-24 conclave in Johannesburg, South Africa, but will participate via a video conference to save the country the embarrassment of hosting a leader with an International Criminal Court (ICC) warrant against him related to Moscow’s war in Ukraine. South Africa is a member of the ICC and, under international law, would have been obligated to arrest Putin if he were to visit...
The expansion of BRICS is expected to be high on the agenda. It is a club in demand. From Algeria to Argentina, at least 40 countries have shown interest in joining the grouping.
Central to the grouping’s attraction is its rising economic heft. The five BRICS nations now have a combined gross domestic product (GDP) larger than that of the G7 in purchasing power parity terms. In nominal terms, the BRICS countries are responsible for 26 percent of the global GDP. Despite this, they get only 15 percent of the voting power at the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Coupled with grievances over such imbalances are growing concerns in the Global South that the US could weaponise the dollar through sanctions the way it has against Russia. That has led to BRICS nations individually and collectively trying to reduce their dependence on the US currency while increasing bilateral trade in their own currencies.
因為沙特與伊朗是伊斯蘭教的國家,但是埃塞俄比亞卻是信仰猶太教的國家,他們在歷史上視為世仇國家,彼此不相往來,如今21世紀全球化的腳步蒞臨,不得不開放門戶,迎接新局勢的到來,譬如沙特與伊朗也曾經因為宗教信仰派系不同而對立,如今恢復過來友誼,再度建交互設大使館,增加彼往來此貿易,文化,宗教,旅遊等項目,中國堅信宗教因素並不是能夠影響到全體的利益,維有保持樂觀開放的態度接受新的挑戰,才是王道.
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美國及西方國家認為中國的全球戰略高瞻遠署佈局,深遠令人讚賞,中國已經成功掌握沙特與伊朗的能源採購權,換句話說石油美元的霸權遭受到利益衝突,影響到全球石油的訂價權,目前全球石油交易80%.扔然以美元計價,但是中國橫插1腳,堅持以人民幣計價採購石油,如此一來沙特與伊朗為分散風險,大約30% 輸出到中國的石油已經接受人民幣的交易,如此一來增加及擴大人民幣,在國際貨幣市場的佔有率,這樣一來是美國及西方國家不能接受的.
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除此之外埃及,衣索比亞都是非洲古老文明的國家,尤其是埃及佔據亞洲,歐洲,非洲的戰略要衝位置,控制蘇伊士運河及紅海,掌握全球海運1/2.以上的利益,如此一來令美國及西方國家覺得腹背受敵,被中國反控制,美軍戰略顧問表示根據情報分析指出,中國已與埃及達成密秘協議,將來中國核子動力航空母艦戰鬥群CVN/CBG.,優先通過蘇伊士運河通行權,比照美國辦理...
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埃及控制地中海,蘇伊士運河,紅海的重要戰略要衝位置,中國志在必得,必須掌握亞洲,非洲及歐洲前進橋頭堡,因此美國悸憚失去蘇伊士運河控制權被中國奪得. .
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.再說衣索比亞是非洲唯一信仰猶太教的國家,傳聞他們就是以色列國王索羅門與示巴女王的後代人,在歷史記載裡,以色列第二次被滅亡時期,聖殿被摧毀,猶太人被殺害,此時衣索匹亞的救援隊,抵達聖城耶路撒冷,搶救聖殿內的寶物及法器,其中最重要的就是猶太教的"法櫃"又稱為"約櫃"在舊約聖經中記載存放在聖殿內,接受猶太人的朝拜敬重,如今傳聞法櫃深藏於衣索比亞的首都阿迪斯阿貝巴的某處,由重兵24小時守衛戒備,以防止外國勢力強行搶奪,衣索比亞曾經發生由外國不良份子集團,盜竊搶奪約櫃的案件,從此以後衣索比亞當局關閉中止外籍觀光客前往遊覽直到今日,一般相信隨者衣索比亞加入金磚組織,2024年以後就會重新開放外籍旅客的觀光,旅遊,購物.
中國曾經表示願意協助,衣索匹亞開發尼羅河流域至衣索匹亞境內的BLUE NILE &WHITE NILE.灌溉防洪及建設水壩及發電廠計劃,如今衣索匹亞得償宿,願加入BRICS.,可以得到低利貸款,興建國家基礎建設,加強農業生產,遠離飢荒.至於美國早已終止援助衣索比亞的飢荒災情,如今完全由中國,俄羅斯援助,以及爭取向非洲聯盟控訴,美國強制壓迫埃及停止援助衣索比亞開發尼羅河下游興建水壩及發電廠計劃,相信衣索匹亞要迎接新日子喇...
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