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中吉烏國際鐵路2023 年開工興建 ? Железнодорожная магистраль Китай-Киргизия-Узбекистан.

2022/06/10 23:04

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由中國主導的歐亞鐵路興建計劃,其中的中吉烏國際鐵路2023年開工興建.屆時竣工通車,讓歐洲直通亞洲不是夢.

Will China’s rail link between Xinjiang, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan change the great power rivalry in Central Asia?

25 years after the plan was hatched, a 523km (325-mile) rail line between China, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan will begin construction next year, Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov says
Analysts say railway will bring enormous economic benefits, but could also stoke geopolitical competition between China, Russia and the United States.
.Lying in China’s far west, between one of the world’s highest mountain ranges and largest deserts, the city of Kashgar has long been touted as the “Shenzhen of the West” – referring to the country’s most famous boom town, on the border of Hong Kong.

Bordered by Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan, the city was once an important trading hub on the Silk Road. But recent attempts to revive its fortunes, including by designating it a “special economic zone” 12 years ago, have come to little.

China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway remains uncertain.Two and a half decades in negotiations, the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway remains stalled on basic issues, with no clear way forward.

The China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway (CKU) has been under discussion for almost 25 years, but construction may never begin. Despite numerous high level meetings the three countries have failed to reach a consensus on the route, railway tracks and sources of funding, as well as to address ecological, geopolitical and national security concerns..

In his resignation speech on 16 October 2020, the then Kyrgyz President, Sooronbay Jeenbekov, shared his dream for the railway. “One of my dreams was the realisation of the CKU railway. High-level negotiations took place, and a political decision was taken regarding the start of the work. Kyrgyzstan needs this like it needs air and water, and I hope that my countrymen who have come to power will continue with it and make it a reality”.Environmental impacts.Experts worry about the environmental damage of building a railway through fragile mountain regions. Kyrgyz Prime Minister’s advisor and economist Kubat Rahimov said that “any infrastructure project will need additional measures relating to explosive-technical and drilling operations requiring hundreds of thousands or even millions or cubic metres of rocks to be moved, as well as building tunnels, bridges, railway stations, loading and unloading stations, and all kinds of junctions, bypasses and additional tracks.”The CKU railroad project is particularly difficult, said Kubat Rahimov, because it will require building tunnels through mountainous areas. Regardless of the route, the environmental consequences will be significant, as in certain areas it will be necessary to change the course of rivers and change drainage patterns, because we will need to build bridges with columns and engineering structures which will be directly on the water surface.

“Experience demonstrates that the building of a mountainous railroad in Tibet required changing the course of local rivers and putting concrete pillars in areas where water once flowed. This inevitably affected flora and fauna. The seismicity of the territory also affects the project– introducing the necessity for load-bearing steel-concrete structures, additional engineering measures, additional concrete works, the strengthening or filling of cracks and joints, all of which will affect rocks. In certain areas dams will need to be built to join two mountains that are separated by a narrow gorge or river. This negatively affects seismicity: if the railroad goes through in an area with tectonic faults or where there’s a likelihood of landslide or rockfall. The technogenic activity will have a negative impact in any case.”

Mining the price.Kyrgyzstan is rich in mineral deposits, in particular gold, which China wants to exploit. More than ten years ago the Kyrgyz government offered to pay China for building the railroad with rights for gold mining, the official said. It is unclear if that offer still holds, but the former Kyrgyz Minister of Transportation Janat Beishenov told a local newspaper in Kyrgyzstan that there are 23 mineral deposits, including: coal, lignite, gold, aluminum, iron, gypsum, barite, lead, terandite, shell limestone, construction limestone and other can be respectively developed along the railway route if CKU project moves forward.

中吉烏國際鐵路工程,2023年開工興建 ?

Железнодорожная магистраль Китай-Киргизия-Узбекистан.

.After years of wrangling, construction is set to start on the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway, which Chinese authorities hope will bring big economic benefits.

傳聞俄羅斯過去20年來,未同意中吉烏國際鐵路的興建,202202因為俄烏戰爭局勢的影響到俄羅斯與中亞地區的發展,俄羅斯總統丁(20220607)已決定同意興建,

中吉烏國際鐵路新建工程,中國可望完成這條「一帶一路」計劃中的重要運輸路線。

.國際戰略專家分析認為,俄羅斯冒然與烏克蘭開戰,影響到歐洲,美國及中國的戰略利益?

俄羅斯如今又被美國及歐盟全面經濟制裁,嚴重的影響到未來的經濟發展,中國早在25年前,提出興建由中國連接中亞地區的鐵路計劃,但是基於俄羅斯的戰略利益,無法成功,如今中國推動一帶一路基礎建設投資開發計劃,已經逐步實現,關於貫穿中亞地區的鐵路計劃勢在必行,對於中國及俄羅斯包括整體的中亞5國雨露均霑,都可以帶來經濟的振興與發展,提供許多的就業機會,讓俄羅斯能夠由中國強勢的工業製造帶動此一區域的興盛,大家都得到應用的利益,因此俄羅斯政府同意中國,吉爾吉斯與烏茲別客3國興建中吉烏國際鐵路,擴大中亞地區連絡到歐洲的鐵路運輸以及擴大國際貿易合作,使得俄羅斯不會被歐洲邊緣化,讓俄羅斯的經濟藉由一帶一路重新振作與中亞5國友好,進行貿易旅遊等等.

1:俄羅斯領土廣大但是人口稀少無法全面拓展資源擴大國際貿易增加外匯收入.

2:能源項目石油及天然氣與各式各樣的礦產品無法全面供應世界市場.

3:俄羅斯的輕工業如家電產品以及汽車工業基礎不良無法與西方國家競爭.

4:在過去蘇聯時期統治的中亞5國.如今皆以獨立謀求經濟發展.利國利民的政策.不要意識形態的政權.又以中國改革開放的模式與世界各國通商往來貿易.

5:中國大勢推動一帶一路基礎建設投資開發計劃,實際可行,絕非紙上談兵如今各式各樣的基礎建設工程項目按照計劃實施,中亞5國顯然已經開始擺脫自我封閉的狀態,再加上阿富汗塔利班重回執政與中國友好,希望藉由中國強勢的經濟力量協助阿富汗重建.

6:俄羅斯應該把握機會,協助中國打通關,將中吉烏國際鐵路興建竣工,創造出戰略利益讓大家共襄盛舉.

7:有關南線方案與北線方案,涉及敏感性的軍事要塞地區安全,接受俄羅斯軍方的建議適當的規劃保護措施並且保持機密.

8:Uzbekistan and China discuss construction of China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway.

The construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railroad has been discussed for 20 years, but nothing has been done so far, President Sadyr Japarov said in an interview with Kabar news agency, commenting on Russias possible reluctance to this railroad construction...China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railroad project starts official announcement is planned for coming fall..

9:俄羅斯就莫斯科連繫直達喀山的高速鐵路重新與中國討論細節.

10:有關由中國北京直達俄羅斯莫斯科的高速鐵路興建計劃已經展開初期的籌備.

俄羅斯總統普京大帝20220607.同意China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway.如期動工興建.

中吉烏國際鐵路2023 年開工興建 ?

中吉烏國際鐵路,位於中國西部邊陲及中亞地區。自中國新疆南疆鐵路,喀和鐵路重要車站喀什站引出,經中國與吉爾吉斯斯坦邊境的伊爾克什坦（南線方案）葉爾尕特山口（北線方案）,再經吉爾吉斯斯坦奧什州邊境小城卡拉蘇,至烏茲別克斯坦東部重要城市安集延（中吉烏鐵路起自中國南疆鐵路喀什站,途經吉爾吉斯斯坦,終點為烏茲別克斯坦的安集延站。該鐵路一旦建成，中國的貨物運往東歐和中東國家成為現實,並且該鐵路成為中國貨物運往歐洲的最短路線之一。）

根據規劃中吉烏鐵路全長約523公里,其中中國境內213公里,吉爾吉斯斯坦境內260公里,烏茲別克斯坦境內約50公里,是中國到歐洲,中東的最短貨運路線。.....................

烏茲別克斯坦表示,「中吉烏鐵路」全長約523公里,擬從中國新疆喀什向西出境,經吉爾吉斯到達烏茲別克。鐵路建成後將是從中國運輸貨物到歐洲和中東的最短路線,貨運路程將縮短900公里,時間節省7至8天。

中文名: 中吉烏鐵路
外文名: Железнодорожная магистраль Китай-Киргизия-Узбекистан

位於: 中國西部邊陲及中亞地區
起自: 喀什站
終點: 烏茲別克斯坦的安集延

.

戰略價值.

它是新亞歐大陸橋的重要組成部分。它將連接中國西北至伊朗.德黑蘭,進而通過伊斯坦布爾,到達巴爾幹半島,中歐,西歐,將完善新亞歐大陸橋南部通路,拓寬新亞歐大陸橋的運輸範圍,提高新亞歐大陸橋在國際運輸中的地位,造福沿線國家。

（1）完善新亞歐大陸橋南部通路,形成東亞,東南亞通往中亞,西亞和北非、南歐的便捷運輸通道；

（2）拓寬新亞歐大陸橋的運輸範圍,提高亞歐大陸橋在國際運輸中的地位；

（3）改變中國新疆乃至整個西部的交通格局,加快西部大開發的步伐；

（4）有利於中亞,裏海石油的開發和利用,對開闢我國新的石油進口源,調整我國能源發展戰略具有重要意義。

(5) 加速實現中國一帶一路投資開發專案促進沿線經濟繁榮增加就業機會.

新亞歐大陸橋潛在運輸競爭力分析

為了從理論上搞清新亞歐大陸橋的運輸競爭力,課題選擇了北疆烏魯木齊,南疆庫爾勒和喀什共三個點,對這三地區分別利用新亞歐大陸橋,西伯利亞大陸橋和海運到歐洲,北美東部,西亞所用時間和費用進行了分析比較,並得出相應的結果和結論：

結論1:從北疆到歐洲,無論何種情況,首選線路都應該是新亞歐大陸橋,對其他兩種線路的選擇,應根據所運貨物的性質和要求來決定,對時間要求高的貨物可走西伯利亞大陸橋,對價格敏感的貨物可在海運價格低谷時選擇海運,

從南疆到歐洲,無論何種情況,首選線路同樣應該是新亞歐大陸橋,西伯利亞大陸橋和海運相比,西伯利亞大陸橋更適合對運輸時間要求高的貨物,海運只是在運價低谷期有價格上的吸引力。

結論2：與新疆到歐洲的情況基本相同,從北疆到北美東部,無論何種情況,首選線路都應該是新亞歐大陸橋,西伯利亞大陸橋和海運比較，運輸時間上有一定優勢，但在海運運價低谷期其價格競爭力不如海運。從南疆到北美東部,無論何種情況,首選線路問樣應該是新亞歐大陸橋,西伯利亞大陸橋在運輸時間上比海運有優勢,海運在運價低谷期比西伯利亞大陸橋有價格上的吸引力。

結論3：從新疆到西亞，北疆地區無論在中吉烏鐵路建成前還是建成後，經阿拉山口和中亞鐵路都是最佳的選擇,南疆地區在中吉烏鐵路建成前，經阿拉山口比經海運僅有時間上的優勢，而中吉烏鐵路建成後，經中吉烏鐵路無論在時間和價格上都是最佳選擇。中古烏鐵路及新亞歐大陸橋與新疆綜合優勢的發揮中吉烏鐵路及新亞歐大陸橋將對新疆經濟社會發展產生重大影響主要表現在,為新疆向西開放提供了更為完善的交通條件；為新疆優勢資源轉換戰略的實施構築了基礎平名為新疆經濟社會的全面發展提供了可靠保障；為新疆外向型經濟的發展提供了新的選擇。

中吉烏鐵路修通後,新疆又多了一條向外的通道，從喀什經新亞歐大陸橋南通道到伊朗首都的距離為285公里，比喀什到蘭州距離還短34公里；到土耳其首都的距離為505公里，比喀什到上海的距離還短330公里；到以色列和埃及的距離約為535公佈，比喀什到廣州的距離還短630公里。

烏魯木齊經由大陸橋到莫斯科,漢堡,倫敦的距離比北京,上海,廣州分別近334公里.烏魯木齊經由大陸橋到紐約的距離比北京,上海,廣州現經太平洋航線分別近7800公里,