哥薩克（烏克蘭語：козаки；俄語：каза́ки́）是一群生活在東歐大草原（烏克蘭及俄羅斯南部）的遊牧民系，在歷史上以驍勇善戰和精湛的騎術著稱，為支撐俄羅斯帝國於17世紀往東擴張的主要力量。移民中國的部分哥薩克被稱為阿爾巴津人。

哥薩克人（烏克蘭語：козаки，kosaky；俄語：казаки́ / каза́ки，kasaki；波蘭語：kozacy）是由逃跑的俄羅斯、烏克蘭和波蘭的農奴們、一些冒險家或叛逃者集結在東歐南部草原地區的自由騎士團體。

哥薩克（Cossack）這個名字來自突厥語，意為「自由戰士」之類，然而只在在詞源上有關，與內容無關。有種過時的觀點認為哥薩克人是在蒙古入侵之前曾生活在東歐草原地區的庫​​曼人的後裔。

從16世紀開始，斯拉夫哥薩克人建立了自己的定居點和社區，成為農民，他們不得不為抵禦亞洲遊牧民族（尤其是克里米亞韃靼人）的頻繁襲擊而戰鬥。在17世紀，准國家哥薩克酋長國在烏克蘭成立，該國與波蘭的統治對抗，後來成為俄羅斯沙皇帝國的一部分。直到18世紀，俄國和烏克蘭的哥薩克人都部分獨立於沙皇帝國，然後逐漸作為自由騎兵部隊併入俄羅斯軍隊。哥薩克人的主要定居地區是第聶伯，唐和烏拉爾地區。

傳統上哥薩克人是在子民或喜人的領導下進行分層組織的。哥薩克人在俄羅斯對西伯利亞和北高加索地區的征服和發展中發揮了關鍵作用。

.The All-Russian Cossack Society (Russian: Всероссийское казачье общество) is responsible for the coordination of the activities of all 11 registered Cossack hosts, particularly in the spheres of patriotic education and the continuity of historical Cossack customs and traditions. Both registered and non-registered Cossack organizations can be part of the society. On 4 November 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin appointed Kuban Vice Governor and Kuban Cossack Host Ataman Nikolai Doluda as Ataman of the All-Russia Cossack Society.^[137] Cossack General Doluda was appointed two years after the atamans and the Cossacks created it in October 2017. The idea was first proposed in 1994. On 27 November 2018, delegates of the Constitutive Assembly voted for the establishment of the society and adopted its official statute. Doluda was then nominated for head of the society, in which he was backed by the Presidential Council on Cossack Affairs

.The Cossacks^[a] are a group of predominantly East Slavic Orthodox Christian people who became known as members of democratic, self-governing, semi-military communities originating in the steppes of Eastern Europe (in particular the Dnieper, in the Wild Fields).^] They inhabited sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper, Don, Terek, and Ural river basins, and played an important role in the historical and cultural development of both Ukraine and Russia.^]

After World War II, the Soviet Union disbanded the Cossack units in the Soviet Army. During the Perestroika era in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s, descendants of Cossacks moved to revive their national traditions. In 1988, the Soviet Union passed a law allowing the re-establishment of former Cossack hosts and the formation of new ones. During the 1990s, many regional authorities agreed to hand over some local administrative and policing duties to their Cossack hosts.

In the 2002 Russian census, 140,028 people declared Cossack ethnicity, while 67,573 people identified as Cossack in the 2010 census. Between 3.5 and 5.0 million people associate themselves with the Cossack cultural identity across the world^], making them the largest Slavic group without their own nation. Cossack organizations operate in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus, and the United States.

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上帝禁止哥薩克人來”,烏克蘭前線城鎮對戰爭的恐懼上升.

20220218日，烏克蘭軍隊對頓巴斯地區展開了新一輪小幅度攻勢，但小規模戰術進攻卻被俄羅斯陣營操縱無人機炮校下的迫擊炮，徹底擊潰。而在這次襲擊中，俄羅斯陣營俘虜了烏克蘭境內的哥薩克人，這是烏克蘭僱傭軍出現的最新軍團：哥薩克人軍團。烏克蘭軍隊認為，忠誠的哥薩克人由於其誠實，不變和堅定的愛國主義立場，並且在烏克蘭境內和北約國家的公民之間建立了牢固的聯繫。烏克蘭軍隊指揮官認為，這些哥薩克人受烏軍的指導，願意提供幫助。這其中包括來自歐洲，澳大利亞和美洲的哥薩克人的後代提供的更多信息支持。烏克蘭軍隊稱這證明了他們對烏克蘭的熱愛是如此強烈，甚至他們的第三代和第四代的後代都自願參與到了烏克蘭軍隊之中。俄羅斯方面認為這些在烏克蘭的哥薩克軍團可能傷害俄羅斯和爭取俄羅斯身份的地區：頓巴斯和盧甘斯克的地方武裝。

Cossacks emerge as a potent force in east Ukraine.Fighters align with separatists and control some border posts

‘God forbid the Cossacks come’: fears of war rise in Ukraine’s frontline towns.

God forbid the Russians come, and then with them their Cossacks and Chechen fighters will come. Imagine what a hell it will be then,” she said, a tear glistening in one of her eyes.

Over eight years of war, residents close to the frontlines here have become used to the idea that at any time their lives could be altered by a bullet or shell. They even refer to the booms as “badminton” – the sporadic exchanges of fire across the line of control.

In the past week, however, the explosions have been more intense than any time in the past few years, and the targets have apparently been residential areas and even schools.

There are approximately 2 million people living within 12 miles of the frontline, aid organisations estimate, and if the spark for escalation comes in east Ukraine, a new conflict would hit them first.

Stanytsia Luhanska was formerly a suburb of the city of Luhansk, but since the war in 2014 has been cut off from the rest of the city by a frontline. On the other side is the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic – one of two Russia-backed proxy states where Moscow appears to be looking for a pretext to begin military action against Ukraine........

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.哥薩克的顧傭兵出現於烏克蘭戰場.“Brothers! Ukraine needs our help. The time of severe trials is here – war has come to our home. I turn to all Cossacks not indifferent to the fate of our children. Those ready without hesitation to spill their blood and, if necessary, give up their lives. Join the Cossack Battalion and defend our motherland!” Havryliuk says in the video as he stands alongside armed men clad in military fatigues.

But Cossack blood is not among the criteria for joining the battalion, Havryliuk insists. “It doesn’t matter, so long as you’re a patriot,” he says. And male. “Women should take care of the house and give birth. War is no place for women.”

The Cossack Battalion is now waiting for recognition from the authorities, Havryliuk says. Once it’s received, the unit will be incorporated into Ukraine’s National Guard and will commence training at its military compound outside Kyiv, he adds.

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Russian-Backed Luhansk Authorities Enlist Help of Local Cossacks.

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220220224.烏克蘭戰爭開始至今,似乎愈打愈激烈,戰爭有擴大的跡象,參戰的國家除了俄羅斯另外有白俄羅斯,車臣共和國,如今最凶狠殘暴的哥薩克軍隊也出現於烏克蘭東部戰場,儘管哥薩克政府否認出兵烏克蘭,只說出那些哥薩克的阿兵哥,當初只有參加俄羅斯的軍事演習訓練,為什麼滯留不歸,而出現於烏克蘭戰場? 但是為什麼協助烏克蘭抵抗俄羅斯? 亦或是有些哥薩克的阿兵哥向俄羅斯投降?

.哥薩克的阿兵哥藉由軍事演習訓練轉赴烏克蘭戰場抵抗俄羅斯?

Inside a Cossack training camp in Ukraine’s Crimea.As Ukraine’s crisis continues to deepen, Cossacks – a militaristic group that once defended the borders of Russia’s Empire – have joined Russian forces in the country’s Crimea region. FRANCE 24 reports from inside one of their training camps..

Maidan hero creates ‘Cossack Battalion’ to fight war in the east.Havryliuk, who received the nickname “naked Cossack” and became a hero of the revolution, gained a devoted social media following, formed a charity fund in his name and even created his own personal website.

Now he is setting his sights on his most ambitious project to date: the “Cossack Battalion”, a volunteer squadron which he hopes will join the government’s campaign to regain control of Ukraine’s east. Barely a week into its recruitment drive, the battalion has already received 450 applications.

While most are fellow Cossacks from Havryliuk’s native Chernivtsi Oblast, a Ukrainian-speaking region traditionally protective of Ukrainian independence, the campaign has raised interest across the country. It is spearheaded by a video clip consisting of black-and-white reels of the ongoing conflict and an emotional appeal by Havryliuk against a warlike soundtrack.

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