向列寧格勒解除圍攻77週年致敬.

 

Salute in honor of the 77th anniversary of the lifting of the siege of Leningrad.(St.Petersburg).

 

Remembering the Siege of Leningrad, Lifted 77 Years Ago

RUSSIA RED ARMY SO GREAT.

 Known as the 900-day siege, the siege of Leningrad by axis forces in world war II is widely held as one of the longest and most destructive blockades in World War history, with some historians even classifying it as a genocide.

In total, roughly 1.5 million militiamen and civilians were killed during the siege of Leningrad, despite some 1.4 million having been evacuated. On Hitlers orders, the Soviet city was barricaded and suffered a daily barrage of artillery attacks from the German and Finnish forces that encircled it. The citys water and food supply were cut off and extreme famine soon became the norm.

The siege of Leningrad began on Sept. 8, 1941 and ended after a grueling two-year period on Jan. 27, 1944. After 872 days of starvation, disease, and psychological torment, the citizens of Leningrad were freed. But the citys total population of two million had been reduced to roughly 700,000 — and their surviving psyches forever broken.

Vladimir Putin laid flowers at the Landmark Stone monument at the Nevsky Pyatachok military historical complex.Events commemorating 77th anniversary of lifting of siege of Leningrad

Vladimir Putin took part in events commemorating the 77th anniversary of the lifting of the siege of Leningrad.

The President visited the Nevsky Pyatachok military historical complex, where he laid flowers at the Landmark Stone monument. Then he honoured the memory of Leningrad residents and soldiers defending the city who died during the siege, by laying a wreath by the Motherland monument at the Piskaryovskoye Cemetery.

The siege of Leningrad by Nazi troops lasted 872 days from September 8, 1941, until January 27, 1944.

The Landmark Stone commemorates the soldiers who fought during the siege at Nevsky Pyatachok. Nevsky Pyatachok is the conventional designation of a bridgehead on the left bank of the Neva River, which soldiers of the Leningrad Front defended during the Battle of Leningrad. Fighting here was conducted with the aim of breaking the siege.

Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery is the largest cemetery of World War II victims. Buried in 186 mass graves are 420,000 city residents who died from starvation, bombing, and shelling, as well as 70,000 soldiers who defended Leningrad.

Operation Iskra to break the siege of Leningrad took place on January 12–18, 1943 on Nevsky Pyatachok and triumphantly ended in a meeting of the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts near the village of Maryino. The siege was broken completely one year later on January 27, 1944.

 

列寧格勒圍城戰，（：блокада Ленинграда、德語：Leningrader Blockade）第二次世界大戰中德國及軸心國為了攻佔蘇聯列寧格勒而實施的軍事行動，圍攻從1941年9月9日開始直至1943年1月18日蘇軍才開闢了一條通往城市的狹窄通路，到了1944年1月27日才最終獲得解放，共計被圍872天,為期872天的圍城戰破壞了公共設施、食水、能源及糧食供應，導致列寧格勒地區空前的大飢荒，該軍事行動至少有過千萬軍民傷亡，單是蘇軍已有最少300萬個士兵死亡、140萬以上的平民及士兵撤離，其中很多在撤離時死於轟炸及飢荒。

列寧格勒其中一個墓地就埋葬了500,000名圍城戰的遇難者。在列寧格勒經濟上的破壞及人員傷亡超過了莫斯科保衛戰、史達林格勒戰役、廣島市原子彈爆炸或長崎市原子彈爆炸。單場戰爭來看是為史上傷亡人數和經濟損失最多的戰爭。參與該場戰役的人數也比歷史上其他戰役多。列寧格勒圍城戰被列入世界歷史上最血腥的戰役，一些歷史學家更稱圍城行動為種族滅絕，是納粹德國滅絕蘇聯人民的戰爭的一部份。

蘇聯紅軍解放列寧格勒的1月27日後來被俄羅斯政府列為「俄羅斯軍人榮譽日).

 

The siege of Leningrad (Russian: блока́да Ленингра́да; German: Leningrader Blockade) was a prolonged military blockade undertaken from the south by the Army Group North of Nazi Germany against the Soviet city of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) on the Eastern Front in World War II. The Finnish army invaded from the north, co-operating with the Germans until Finland had recaptured territory lost in the recent Winter War, but refused to make further approaches to the city. Also co-operating with the Germans since 1942 in August: the Spanish Blue Division that was transferred to the southeastern flank of the siege of Leningrad, just south of the Neva near Pushkin, Kolpino and its main intervention was in Krasny Bor in the Izhora River area.

The siege began on 8 September 1941, when the Wehrmacht severed the last road to the city. Although Soviet forces managed to open a narrow land corridor to the city on 18 January 1943, the Red Army did not lift the siege until 27 January 1944, 872 days after it began. The blockade became one of the longest and most destructive sieges in history, and it was possibly the costliest siege in history due to the number of casualties which were suffered during it. In the 21st century some historians have classified it as a genocide due to the systematic starvation and intentional destruction of the citys civilian population.^[

The fire of anti-aircraft guns deployed in the neighborhood of St. Isaacs cathedral during the defense of Leningrad (now called St. Petersburg, its pre-Soviet name) in 1941.

蘇聯紅軍在St.Issac 大教堂以大炮反擊納粹德國.

 

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Antiaircraft guns guarding the sky of Leningrad, in front of St. Isaacs Cathedral.蘇聯紅軍在St.Issac 大教堂以高射炮射擊德國的飛機.

 

 

列寧格勒-大諾夫哥羅德攻勢是第二次世界大戰中於1944年1月14日開始蘇聯紅軍對德國北方集團軍之攻勢，攻勢之下半部分是首個月之納爾瓦戰役^[1]，參與行動的包括三個方面軍：列寧格勒方面軍、波羅的海沿岸第2方面軍及沃爾庫霍夫方面軍，參戰的蘇軍共擁有822,000人、10,070門火炮、385輛戰車及370架飛機加上波羅的海艦隊

希特勒在1942年於列寧格勒以北200公里芬蘭境內的伊馬特拉與芬蘭元帥曼納海姆及芬蘭總統呂蒂進行會議.

 

.Map showing the Axis encirclement of Leningrad.

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The Nazi siege of Leningrad—the historic capital of tsarist Russia, Saint Petersburg–lasted for several years: It begun on September 8, 1941 and was lifted on January 27, 1944. For Lenigraders, this encirclement constituted 872 days of sheer torture; of hovering on the brink between life and death. Hundreds of thousands didn’t make it. The blockade might as well have been called genocide through starvation because it caused the deaths of an estimated one million Russians. Marshal Zhukov, sent by Stalin to save the city, followed the dictator’s orders not to retreat. But, to the Russian’s surprise, the Germans didn’t advance much either. Hitler decided to kill the inhabitants of Leningrad in a slow, tortuous way by strangling all of their supply routes and starving a population of 2.5 million. He planned to wipe out the inhabitants, then raze Leningrad to the ground and hand over the area to his Finnish allies.

The Soviets made some attempts at saving women and children and workers, but millions were left behind. Only the privileged few could count on escaping the horror. Once he realized that Hitler wasn’t planning a full-scale attack of the city, Stalin recalled Zhukov to Moscow. The composer Dimitri Shostakovich, who created a symphony about the plight of his native city–the Seventh Leningrad Symphony–finished the piece elsewhere.

If the Soviet army and bands of partisans hadn’t been resourceful enough to open up a small corridor to the city in mid-January 1943—which subsequently enabled them to send barges of goods during the summer and sleds on improvised ice paths during the winter—and channel some life-saving supplies to Leningrad, Hitler would no doubt have achieved his objective of starving to death the city’s entire population.

 

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In January 1943, the citys defenders and troops of the Volkhov Front launched a combined offensive known as Operation Spark. After fierce fighting the two Russian armies were able to link up and establish a land bridge via which Leningrads starving inhabitants could be supplied.

Even during a blizzard, Russian snipers continue the fight at the Leningrad Front..

.The winter of 1941-1942 was cold and deadly as the Germans faced the Soviet army in the siege of Leningrad.

 

Soviet forces march towards the front of the blockade.

Putins Tribute To The Survivors Of The Siege Of Leningrad

A Soviet soldier buys a ticket to the Symphony Concert in Leningrad.

Born in Leningrad after the war ended, Russian President Vladimir Putin was directly touched by the wars ravages. His older brother died as a child during the devastation and is buried at Piskaryovskoye where some half a million Leningraders were laid to rest in the cemeterys 186 mass graves.

Furthermore, Putins mother almost died of starvation during the siege while his father fought and was wounded at the front lines of Leningrad.

"According to the enemys plans, Leningrad should have disappeared from the face of the earth," Putin said during a memorial concert in honor of the Leningrad victims. "This is what is called a crime against humanity."

Today this is an annual parade to commemorate the siege of Leningrad, but it has drawn both criticism and praise from modern-day Russians. Some think that the military parade is "beautiful" while others think that the money for it would be better spent on funding the survivors.