Contents ...

udn網路城邦

置頂精選

英國BBC 製作詩聖杜甫全集China’s Shakespeare - Du Fu and his poetry

2020/04/26 13:06

迴響0

推薦3

引用0

20200406日，BBC(英國廣播公司)推出了時長將近一小時的紀錄片《杜甫：中國最偉大的詩人》《杜甫》)。杜甫其人其詩第一次以紀錄片的方式，被詳細介紹給西方世界。

Du Fu: Chinas Greatest Poet

春望

國破山河在，城春草木深。

感時花濺淚，恨別鳥驚心。

烽火連三月，家書抵萬金。

白頭搔更短，渾欲不勝簪。

Spring Scene

In fallen states, hills and streams are still there
The city is in Spring, grass and leaves abound.
There are tears on the flowers, who feel the times
Birds startle my heart, they too hate partings
The beacon fires have been linked for three months
A letter from home is worth a thousand pounds
My grey hairs are scratched even shorter
Soon it will not be enough to hold my cap

英國BBC拍了一部「杜甫」紀錄片，全新解讀中國文化

「中國最偉大的詩人」，在世界上比肩但丁和莎士比亞，「在東方他是不朽的，在西方，卻很少人聽說過他的名字」……這些描述讓你想起誰？

它們來自BBC最新紀錄片《杜甫：中國最偉大詩人》，出自哈佛大學漢學家宇文所安（本名Stephen Owen）等大咖之口。

美籍漢學家Stephen Owen.完成杜甫詩集英譯

Sir Ian McKellen reads the poetry, Michael Wood traces the journey on the ground. Together they conjure up the extraordinary life, times and words of China’s greatest poet, Du Fu.

From the Yellow River to the Yangtze Gorges, and down to the forested hills of Hunan, Michael Wood travels in the footsteps of China’s most-loved poet. Born in 712, the age of Beowulf in Britain, Du Fu lived through the violent fall of China’s brilliant Tang dynasty. As rebel armies sacked the capital, and floods and famine wrecked the country, he was forced to flee, taking his family on the roads as refugees.

But out of these events he produced what Harvard’s Stephen Owen calls ‘the greatest poems in the Chinese language’, words that ever since have been seen as an expression of what it means to be Chinese. ‘There is Dante, there’s Shakespeare, and there’s Du Fu,’ says Owen. ‘These poets create the very standard by which great poetry is judged. But though in the east Du Fu is an immortal, in the west, even today, few have even heard of him.

In this film, the first to ever be made about Du Fu in the west, Michael follows his tracks by road, train and riverboat. Along the way, he meets ordinary people, dancers and musicians, who help to tell the amazing story of a poet whose words have resonated through the centuries, describing the experiences of ordinary people caught up in war, corruption, famine and natural disasters. ‘I am one of the privileged. If my life is so bitter, then how much worse is the life of the common people?

In China, poets have always been seen as the trusted chroniclers of the people’s hearts and the nation’s history. And for the Chinese, Du Fu is more than a poet, says Wood. For generations he has been the guardian of the moral conscience of the nation.

旅夜書懷

細草微風岸，危檣獨夜舟。

星垂平野闊，月涌大江流。

名豈文章著，官應老病休。

飄飄何所似，天地一沙鷗。

China’s Shakespeare - Du Fu and his poetry

Du Fu (712-770 AD) is regarded by many Chinese as their greatest poet. He was well known in his day, and made friends with other poets such as Li Bai, another famous poet in the Tang dynasty. As a member of the elite in society he lived in the capital at Chang’an, now known as Xi’an. Later he was dubbed the Poet Historian, for writing down what he saw with his own eyes during the An Lu Shan rebellion. Du Fu saw the terrible time that war-torn China suffered, especially the pain and suffering amongst the ordinary people, and the court running away from the capital.

This poem called ‘Spring Scene’ describes what it feels like when the poet finds himself alone in the middle of occupied Chang’an, despairing of his hopes for his country. In this poem he writes about the season of spring in the capital with nature blossoming in ignorance of what is happening to the people, although he can imagine that the birdsong and the dewdrops reflect his own feeling. Yet his sense of isolation from his friends and his family ends the poem on an almost comic note as he ruefully reflects on his thinning hair.

Du Fu was a prolific poet, consummate in the art of poetry but spent his life trying to get into the upper echelons of government, which he never really succeeded. He did not make much money and died in virtual penury. He was considered by his peers as a good poet, living as he did at a time that produced excellent poetry, but it was not until a couple of hundred years later in the Song Dynasty was he acclaimed as a ‘Sage Poet’ for his compassion for others, especially the lowly, in his many poems throughout his life.

Du Fu’s poems do not usually come through very well in translation it must be admitted. Perhaps the nearest to reading the poems in the original is to look at David Hawkes’ ‘A Little Primer of Tu Fu’ (the poet’s surname is sometimes transliterated as ‘Tu’) which goes into each word and line and provides literal translations.

Dr Tao Tao Liu
Wadham College, Oxford

Michael Wood embarks on a great historical adventure, exploring the stories, people and landscapes that have helped create Chinas distinctive character and genius over four thousand years.

中國的詩歌傳統早於荷馬史詩，唐玄宗治下的中國處於文化最輝煌的時代、詩歌最偉大的時代，當時世界上沒有任何文明像中國那樣優雅、有文化。

此片還指出：西方沒有類似杜甫這樣的人物，通過文字把整個文明的道德情操都表現出來了。

「盡管自稱擁有世界上現存最古老的詩歌傳統，中國的文學歷史卻常常被忽視。」

從《衛報》對這部紀錄片的推介可以看出一般英國觀眾對於杜甫的陌生。

《每日電訊報》的記者在介紹本片時也開宗明義：確實沒有聽說過杜甫。

也許正因為如此，才能反映這部紀錄片的價值；而也許在英國，要數伍德最適合拍攝這個題材。

春夜喜雨　杜甫.

好雨知時節，當春乃發生。

隨風潛入夜，潤物細無聲。

野徑雲俱黑，江船火獨明。

曉看紅濕處，花重錦官城。

Spring Night, Happy For the Rain

　　　　　　　　　　By Du Fu

Good rain knows the season and the time,

When spring comes it begins to descend.

With the breeze it sneaks into the night,

Moistening all things so quietly and soft.

The wild paths and the clouds are all dark,

Just on the river the boat’s lantern is bright.

In the morning let’s see the places red and wet–

The flowers becoming heavy in Chengdu city.@

有趣的是，本片還特別邀請「甘道夫」、「萬磁王」扮演者伊恩•麥克萊恩爵士來扮演杜甫，用的是朗誦杜甫詩歌英譯版本的方式。

片尾清楚註明「杜甫：伊恩•麥克萊恩」。IM.他用莎士比亞腔調朗誦杜甫的英語詩集.

How Gandalf and ancient poetry can show the world a different side to China amid coronavirus unease

Documentary puts China’s literary hero into context: there is Dante, there’s Shakespeare, and there’s Du Fu
Theatrical legend Sir Ian McKellen brings glamour to beloved verses in British documentary

杜甫（712年2月12日－770年），字子美，號少陵野老，一號杜陵野客、杜陵布衣，唐朝現實主義詩人，其著作以弘大的社會寫實著稱。杜甫家族出於京兆杜氏分支，唐朝時京兆杜氏多自稱為杜陵人。曾任左拾遺、檢校工部員外郎，後曾隱居成都草堂，世稱杜拾遺、杜工部，又稱杜少陵、杜草堂。

杜甫與李白並稱「李杜」，為了與晚唐的兩位詩人李商隱與杜牧即「小李杜」區別，又稱作「大李杜」，明清以後也常被尊稱為「老杜」。雖然在世時名聲並不顯赫，但在身後，杜甫的作品最終對中國古典文學和日本近世文學產生了深遠的影響。約1500首詩歌被保留了下來，作品集為《杜工部集》。他在中國古典詩歌中以風格渾樸沉鬱著稱。相對李白疏朗灑脫的「詩仙」，杜甫被後人奉為「詩聖」。他的詩也因其社會時代意義被譽為「詩史」^[。