廖柏森

 Pollution是污染的名詞，動詞則是pollute，如污染環境為to pollute the environment。而被污染的形容詞是polluted，污染物則是pollutant。人類文明不斷利用科技征服自然的結果通常會產生垃圾rubbish、排放廢氣exhaust fumes、有毒氣體toxic air、危險廢棄物hazardous waste、核子廢料nuclear/ radioactive waste，乃至於幅射外洩radioactivity leakage、漏油oil spillage等，造成不同型態的污染和災害。 

l  動詞 + pollution

v.	n.	中譯
avoid	pollution	避免污染
cause / create		引起汙染
combat / control / curb fight / tackle		治理汙染
increase		增加污染
monitor		監控汙染
prevent		防止汙染
cut / minimize / reduce		減少汙染
suffer		受污染之苦

例句:

China’s industries are reluctant to invest in new technology to combat pollution.

中國的產業並不樂於投資新科技來治理污染。 

Cities across the nation are developing programs to prevent pollution of drinking water.

全國各城市都在發展防止飲水污染的計畫。 

The EPA wanted power companies to minimize pollution from their coal-burning power plants.

環保署要求電力公司將燃煤火力電廠的污染降至最低。 

l  形容詞 + pollution

adj.	n.	中譯
atmospheric	pollution	大氣污染
chemical		化學污染
environmental		環境污染
industrial		工業污染
nuclear		核子污染
widespread		範圍廣泛的污染

例句:

Experts say nuclear pollution is an environmental problem that can last a long time because of the nature of radiation.

專家表示核子污染因為幅射能的特質，會導致長期的環保問題。 

l  名詞 + pollution

n.	n.	中譯
air	pollution	空氣污染
heavy-metal		重金屬污染
marine / ocean		海洋污染
noise		噪音污染
oil		油污染
river		河川污染
soil		土壤污染
smog		煙霧污染
water		水污染

例句:

Environmental problems like heavy-metal pollution have increased birth defects.

類似重金屬污染的環境問題，會增加嬰兒出生的先天缺陷。 

Noise pollution from sources like industrial work or outdoor transport is a proven source of stress.

來自工廠或戶外交通的噪音污染已證明是壓力的來源。 

 

補充相關搭配詞彙

a radiation leak at a crippled nuclear plant: 受創核能電廠的幅射外洩

damage to the environment: 破壞環境

Environmental Protection Administration / Agency (EPA): 環保署

measures to control industrial pollution: 控制工業污染的措施

nuclear waste storage facilities: 貯存核能廢料的設施

source of pollution: 污染源

to enforce environmental protection laws: 執行環保法規

to reduce diesel soot and nitrogen oxide emissions: 減少柴油煙灰和氧化氮的排放

 

練習:

請從方格中挑選正確的搭配詞來完成以下的句子:

air   reducing   soil     nuclear   smog  

1. Other urgent environmental problems to be solved, for example, _______________ pollution by pesticides and _____________________ pollution by hydrocarbon use, were also considered important.

其它亟待解決的環境問題，例如殺蟲劑造成的土壤污染和碳氫化合物造成的空氣污染，也都很重要。

2. The Obama administration’s record in _______________ _____________ pollution is strong.

歐巴馬減少煙霧污染的紀錄非常良好。

3. At least eleven-thousand Americans may have died of cancer as a result of ____________________ pollution.

   至少有一萬一千多名美國人可能因核子污染所導致的癌症而死亡。 

解答:

1. soil; air

2. reducing; smog

3. nuclear