廖柏森
各國的選舉制度electoral system不同，因此在選舉的詞彙也有或多或少的差異。例如在台灣的總統選舉presidential election是由每位民眾投票的直接選舉direct election，但在美國還分為初選primary election和大選 general election，是由民主黨the Democratic Party和共和黨the Republican Party (或稱the Grand Old Party, GOP)兩個政黨先進行初選，並於全國黨大會national party convention上確定參加大選的總統候選人presidential candidate。而且美國有選舉人團electoral college制度，一般民眾並不能直接選舉總統，他們只能在各州選出承諾會支持某候選人的選舉人候選人elector candidate，再由當選的選舉人elector投票給總統候選人。另外，選民必須事先主動登記過後registered 才能投票。以下為選舉election一字相關的搭配:
l 動詞 + election
v. | n. |
boycott (抵制) / contest (競逐) / fight (競爭) / have (舉行) / hold (舉行) / lose (輸掉) / monitor (觀察) / rig (操弄) / run for (競選) / win (贏得) | election |
例句:
Mr. Chen urged voters not to boycott the election.
陳先生力勸選民不要抵制選舉。
Mr. Lee lost the election and then retired from politics.
李先生競選失利並退出政壇。
He accused the ruling party of rigging the elections.
他指控執政黨選舉舞弊。
l 形容詞 + election
v. | n. |
congressional (國會的) / democratic (民主的)/ direct (直接的) / fair (公平的) / federal (聯邦政府的) / free (自由的) / general (公眾的) / indirect (間接的) / legislative (立法的) / local (地方的) / national (國家的) / parliamentary (國會的) / presidential (總統的) / rigged (舞弊的) / successful (成功的) / tainted (腐敗的) | election |
例句:
The interim government promised free elections under the new Constitution.
此過渡政府承諾將在新憲法舉行自由選舉。
They knew they had little chance of winning the presidential election.
他們了解會贏得總統大選的機會渺茫。
The KMT's seats saw a significant drop in comparison to the number in the previous legislative election.
國民黨的席次與前次立法委員選舉相較顯然減少許多。
Tens of thousands of middle-class urbanites gathered Saturday to vent their anger over tainted elections.
成千上萬的中產階級都會居民在週六集結，發洩他們對於腐敗選舉的怒氣。
l election + 名詞
n. | n. |
election | act (法令) / campaign (活動) / candidate (候選人) / committee (委員會) / defeat (挫敗) / fraud (詐騙) / manipulation (操弄) / observer (觀察員)/ result (結果) / rigging (舞弊) / subsidy (補助金) / victory (勝利) / violation (違法) |
例句:
There was no immediate reaction from Beijing on the election results.
北京對於此選舉結果尚未有立即的回應。
The opposition party challenged his election victory last year.
反對黨不服他去年的勝選。
相關詞彙搭配:
campaign rally: 選舉造勢集會
campaign speech: 選舉演說
Civil Servants Election and Recall Act: 公職人員選舉罷免法
election, recall, initiative and referendum: 選舉、罷免、創制和複決
presidential candidate: 總統候選人
presidential campaign: 總統競選活動
presidential nomination : 總統候選人提名
running mate: 競選夥伴
seeking re-election: 尋求連任
練習:
請從方格中挑選正確的搭配詞來完成以下的句子:
presidential monitored subsidy candidate Act run legislative
1. More than 2,000 international observers ________________ the election.
超過兩千名國際觀察員來觀察此次選舉。
2. According to the Election _________________, candidates for ________________________ and _______________________ elections whose support reaches one-third of the overall vote are eligible to collect an election ___________________of NT$30 per vote from the government.
根據選罷法，總統和立法委員選舉候選人獲得選票達總票數三分之一者，可得到政府所發放的選舉補助款，每票新台幣30元
3. People First Party presidential __________________ James Soong will not be able to retrieve the NT$15 million security deposit he submitted to ____________ for president.
親民黨總統候選人宋楚瑜無法領回競選總統的保證金新台幣1500萬元。
解答:
1. monitored
2. Act; presidential; legislative; subsidy
3. candidate; run
