Bare uncoated semiconductors such as silicon exhibit a very high refractive index relative to open air, which prevents passage of photons at sharp angles relative to the air-contacting surface of the semiconductor.

This property affects both the light-emission efficiency of LEDs as well as the light-absorption efficiency of photovoltaic cells. The refractive index of silicon is 4.24, while air is 1.00002926

Generally a flat-surfaced uncoated LED semiconductor chip will only emit light perpendicular to the semiconductor's surface, and a few degrees to the side, in a cone shape referred to as the light cone, cone of light, or the escape cone. The maximum angle of incidence is referred to as the critical angle.

When this angle is exceeded photons no longer penetrate the semiconductor, but are instead reflected both internally inside the semiconductor crystal, and externally off the surface of the crystal as if it were a mirror.

Internal reflections can escape through other crystalline faces, if the incidence angle is low enough and the crystal is sufficiently transparent to not re-absorb the photon emission.

But for a simple square LED with 90-degree angled surfaces on all sides, the faces all act as equal angle mirrors. In this case the light can not escape and is lost as waste heat in the crystal.

A convoluted chip surface with angled facets similar to a jewel or fresnel lens can increase light output by allowing light to be emitted perpendicular to the chip surface while far to the sides of the photon emission point.

The ideal shape of a semiconductor with maximum light output would be a microsphere with the photon emission occurring at the exact center, with electrodes penetrating to the center to contact at the emission point.

All light rays emanating from the center would be perpendicular to the entire surface of the sphere, resulting in no internal reflections. A hemispherical semiconductor would also work, with the flat back-surface serving as a mirror to back-scattered photons..

1, the energy saving. Incandescent white light LED's energy consumption is only 1 / 10, energy saving lamp 1 / 4.2 and longevity. Lifespan of up to 10 thousand hours,A light-emitting diode for ordinary home lighting can be described as "once and for all." 3 and can work at high speed. energy-saving lamps to start or if the frequent shutdown of the broken filament will be black soon.

led energy saving lamp 4, solid package, are cold-light source type. So it is very easy to transport and install, not afraid of vibration.

5, LED technology is the rapid progress, its luminous efficiency is astounding breakthrough, prices have also been decreased. Era into the home of a LED is rapidly approaching.

6, environmental protection, hazardous substances without mercury. LED bulbs can be easily assembled components assembly and disassembly, recycling manufacturers do not have to pass through other people recycling.

7, with optical technology allows LED light source extended to surface light source, increasing the light-emitting surface, eliminate glare,Traffic signals the distillation of visual effects, to eliminate visual fatigue;

8, the lens and lampshade integrated design. Condenser lens and the protective effect also has to avoid wasteful duplication of light, make the product more simple and beautiful;

9, high-power LED package cluster plane, and the radiator and lamp holder integration design. Adequate protection requirements and service life of LED heat dissipation from the LED lamps to meet the fundamental structure and shape of any design, highly distinctive features of LED lamps;

10, significant energy saving. Ultra bright high power LED light source, with high-efficiency power supply, saving 80% than the traditional incandescent or more, under the same power 10 times brighter than incandescent lamps;

11, the long life of 50,000 hours or more, is the traditional tungsten 50 times. Highly reliable and advanced LED packaging technology - Eutectic Welding, fully guaranteed long life LED;

12, no strobe. Pure DC work, eliminating the traditional visual fatigue caused by strobe light;

13, green. Does not lead, mercury and other pollution elements, no pollution to the environment;

14, impact resistance, anti-Lei Lijiang, no ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation. No filament and glass case, there is no problem of fragmentation of the traditional lamp, the human body without harm, no radiation.

15, low voltages, safe and reliable. Surface temperature ≤ 60 ℃ (Ta = 25 ℃ ambient temperature when);

16, wide voltage range over the globe. 85V ~ 264VAC full voltage range constant, to ensure life and brightness from voltage fluctuations;

17, using constant-current PWM technology, high efficiency, low in calories and high precision constant current;

18, reduce line losses, pollution-free power grid. Power factor ≥ 0.9, THD ≤ 20%, EMI line with global targets, reduce energy loss and power lines to avoid pollution of the power grid of high frequency interference;

19, universal standard lamp, can directly replace existing halogen, incandescent, fluorescent;

20, the luminous efficiency of up to 801m / w, a variety of color temperature, color rendering index,