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是一種長程彈道飛彈，射程在5500公里以上，設計用途為投遞一枚或多枚的核彈頭。該種導彈的威力強大，常被設想成導致世界末日的核戰爭中使用的武器。
洲際彈道飛彈具有比中程彈道飛彈、短程彈道飛彈和新命名的戰區彈道飛彈更長的射程和更快的速度。然而以射程來區分飛彈種類總是帶有主觀性和一定的隨意性，所以目前並沒有普遍接受的定義嚴格地區分上述各種類型的導彈，所有定義都只在一定的學術群體內部能夠達成共識。
世界上試射成功的第一枚洲際彈道導彈是蘇聯的Р-7（蘇軍的暱稱是Семёрка，意為「老7」），北約代號SS-6「警棍」。這枚導彈於1957年8月21日從位於加盟共和國哈薩克斯坦的拜科努爾太空發射場試射成功，飛行了6000公里。這就是在1957年8月人類試射成功的第一枚洲際彈道飛彈。1957年10月4日，蘇聯利用R-7火箭將第一顆人造衛星「衛星一號」送上太空，開啟了人類的太空探索時代。
An Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a minimum range of more than 5,500 kilometres (3,400 mi) primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more nuclear warheads). Similarly conventional, chemical and biological weapons can also be delivered with varying effectiveness. Most modern designs support multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), allowing a single missile to carry several warheads, each of which can strike a different target.
Early ICBMs had limited accuracy that allowed them to be used only against the largest targets such as cities. They were seen as a "safe" basing option, one that would keep the deterrent force close to home where it would be difficult to attack. Attacks against military targets, if desired, still demanded the use of a manned bomber. Second and third generation designs dramatically improved accuracy to the point where even the smallest point targets can be successfully attacked.
The Atlas Missile was the first US ICBM. First launch 1957, successful launch 1958.
美國空軍目前部署500枚洲際彈道導彈，分佈在Malmstrom、Minot及F.E. Warren空軍基地四周。這些導彈均屬於LGM-30G「義勇兵」III型。「。依照《削減戰略武器條約》的規定，所有「義勇兵」II型導彈均已銷毀，發射井也已永久封閉或拍賣。依照《第二階段削減戰略武器條約》的規定，美國原有的絕大多數分導式多彈頭型洲際彈道導彈已改成單一彈頭，但由於美國後來退出了《第二階段削減戰略武器條約》，有專家估計美國約保留500枚ICBM，800顆彈頭 。
The Soviet R-36 (SS-18 Satan) is the largest ICBM
China has developed several long range ICBMs, like the DF-31. The Dongfeng 5 or DF-5 is a 3 stage liquid fuel ICBM and has an estimated range of 13,000 kilometers. The DF-5 had its first flight in 1971 and was in operational service 10 years later. One of the downsides of the missile was that it took between 30 and 60 minutes to fuel. The Dong Feng 31 (a.k.a. CSS-10) is a medium-range, three-stage, solid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile, and is a land-based variant of the submarine-launched JL-2.
The DF-41 or CSS-X-10 can carry up to 10 nuclear warheads, which are maneuverable reentry vehicles and has a range of approximately 12,000–14,000 km (7,500–8,700 mi).
- 目前擁有14艘，每艘裝備24枚型，總數為336枚。美國海軍俄亥俄級核潛艇三叉戟II潛射彈道導彈
- 目前有13艘服役，包括6艘667BDR型（代號、6艘667BDRM型(北約代號）和1艘941型（北約代號），總共裝備了180枚。每艘667BDR型裝備16枚型SLBM，每艘667BDRM型裝備16枚型SLBM，941型則用來測試型 (Bulava) SLBM（供下一代的955型使用）。
- 俄羅斯海軍彈道導彈潛艇北約德爾塔級核潛艇德爾塔IV颱風級核潛艇-R-29R-R-29RMR-30布拉瓦北風之神級核潛艇
中國人民解放軍海軍擁有3艘092型核潛艇（北約代號夏級），裝有12枚單彈頭的巨浪1型，最新服役的094型核潛艇SSBN，裝備12枚巨浪2型SLBM（可能配備多目標重返大氣層載具）。
USS Maryland (SSBN-738.
Typhoon3
The Type 094 (NATO reporting name: Jin-class; Chinese: 晋级潜艇)
