[Notes]

 

2014/9/17

英國國教派在海外稱為 Episcopal 聖公會

 

Pilgrim 分離教派者

 

subversive 顛覆

 

James the First

 

savanna 河堤旁的草地

 

Mather → 這家族寫很多宗教手冊

 

Cotton Mather

 

Feminism 女性主義

 

Anne Bradstreet 被稱為第10個繆斯女神

 

Anne Bradstreet

 

The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America

The Tenth Muse, lately Sprung up in America, or Several Poems Compiled with Great Variety of Wit and Learning, Full of Delight, Wherein especially is Contained a Complete Discourse and Description of the Four Elements, Constitutions, Ages of Man, Seasons of the Year, together with an exact Epitome of the Four Monarchies, viz., The Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, Roman, Also a Dialogue between Old England and New, concerning the late troubles. With divers other pleasand and serious Poems, By a Gentlewoman in those parts is a 1650 book of poetry by Anne Bradstreet. It was Bradstreet's only work published in her lifetime. 

 

Jonathan Edward

 

Thomas Paine (February 9, 1737 [O.S. January 29, 1736] – June 8, 1809) was an English and American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary. As the author of the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution, he inspired the rebels in 1776 to declare independence from Britain. His ideas reflected Enlightenment-era rhetoric of transnational human rights. He has been called "a corsetmaker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination"

 

Thomas Paine

 

Thomas Paine 的 Common Sense 影響了美國革命運動

 

The Right of Man 影響了法國革命運動

 

amend 增修

 

ratification 批准

 

legislative (立法) 最高單位 → 國會 (congress)

excusive (行政) 最高單位 → 總統 (president)

 

veto (N,V) 否決(權)

 

Stamp Act. 印花稅

 

impeachment 彈劾

 

referendum 創制複決

 

James Madison 是美國第4任總統

 

John Smith

John Smith (c. January 1580 – 21 June 1631), Admiral of New England, was an English soldier, explorer, and author. He was knighted for his services to Sigismund Bathory, Prince of Transylvania and his friend Móze Székely. He was considered to have played an important part in the establishment of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between September 1608 and August 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay. He was the first English explorer to map the Chesapeake Bay area and New England.

Smith's books and maps are considered extremely important in encouraging and supporting English colonization of the New World. He gave the name New England to the region and noted: "Here every man may be master and owner of his own labour and land... If he have nothing but his hands, he may...by industries quickly grow rich."

When Jamestown was England's first permanent settlement in the New World, Smith trained the settlers to farm and work, thus saving the colony from early devastation. He publicly stated "he who shall not work, shall not eat". This strength of character and determination overcame problems presented from the hostile Indians, the wilderness and the troublesome and uncooperative English settlers. Harsh weather, lack of water, living in a swampy wilderness, English unwillingness to work, and attacks from the Powhatan Indians almost destroyed the colony. The Jamestown settlement survived and so did Smith; but he had to return to England after being injured by an accidental explosion of gunpowder during a fight with the Natives.

John Smith

[Disney Version]