★ demo + cracy = democracy
(demon) (govern)
demon : ⓐan evil spirit;
ⓑsomeone who is extremely good at something;
e.g. He was still wrestling with his inner demons.
ⓒthings that worry someone or make them unhappy;
e.g. She’s a demon at chess.
⇒ demonstration
★ uni- : one
unicorn
uniform
unique
★ ad- : go forward
advocate
c.f. mandate : to give someone the authority to do something; to give an official order
or make a law stating that something must be done)
advanced
advantage
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is an American children's novel
✦ Dorothy
A young and sprightly girl, Dorothy lives with her aunt and uncle on the bleak Kansas prairie. She is energetic and delights in her dog Toto. After a whirling cyclone lands her house in Oz, she embarks on a journey to the Emerald City to ask the Wizard of Oz how to return to Kansas. Dorothy is sweet and simple and represents traditional and idealistic moral values. She lives in the present and does not trouble herself with much anxiety or worry. Throughout her journey, her goal is to return home despite the wonders and magic of Oz.
+
✦The Scarecrow
Rescued by Dorothy from his dull life in a farmer's field, the Scarecrow's greatest wish is to procure brains for himself from the Wizard of Oz. Despite his perceived lack of brains, however, the Scarecrow is exceedingly intelligent and resourceful. At the end of the novel he becomes the ruler of Emerald City in the Wizard's absence.
+
✦The Tin Woodman
Rescued by Dorothy after rusting in the forest, the Tin Woodman desires a heart from the Wizard of Oz. He used to be a real man and was in love with a Munchkin girl, but due to the Wicked Witch of the East's evil machinations he lost his limbs and eventually became a man of tin without a heart. Despite his belief that he lacked emotion, he proves himself a kind and sensitive man. He is given the task of ruling over the Winkies at the end of the novel.
+
✦The Cowardly Lion
The Lion encounters Dorothy, Toto, the Scarecrow, and the Tin Woodman in the forest. He claims to be a coward and wishes for the Wizard of Oz to give him courage. However, he proves himself courageous in many situations throughout the novel. He later rules over all of the animals in the forest.
= 四劍客
★ ex- : apart from
exclude ⇆ include
✦ seclude : to keep someone apart from other people
reject : to not agree to an offer, proposal, or request;
to behave in an unkind way to someone who wants kindness or love from you
ostracize : to stop accepting someone as a member of a group and refuse to talk or listen to them
★ reserve :
ⓐ if you reserve something such as a seat on an aircraft or a table at a restaurant, you
arrange for it to be kept for your use;
ⓑto keep something for a particular purpose or time
deserve : if you deserve something, it is right that you get it, for example because
of the way you have behaved
preserve : to take care of a place or building in order to prevent it from being harmed or destroyed
conservative : not willing to accept much change, especially in the traditional values of society
✦alter : to make something or someone different; to become different
alteration : a change, usually a slight change, in the appearance, character, or structure of something
✦alternate :
ⓐ(v.) to happen or exist one after the other repeatedly
e.g. She alternated between cheerfulness and deep despair.
ⓑ (adj.) happening or coming one after another, in a regular pattern
e.g. alternate periods of good and bad weather
ⓒ (n.) someone who takes the place of another person, especially in sports
alternation : a situation in which one thing repeatedly happens or exists after another
e.g. Party Alternation (政黨輪替)
✦ rotate : ⓐto move in a circle around a fixed central point, or to move something in this way
ⓑif people or things rotate, or if you rotate them, they replace one another in a fixed order
rotation : ⓐ movement in a circle around a fixed central point
ⓑthe process of replacing one thing with another from the same group in a fixed order
e.g. The position of chairperson will be held by each committee member in rotation.
✦ switch : ⓐ to change from one thing to another, or to make something do this
e.g. He used to vote Conservative, but he switched to Labour in 1997.
ⓑ to replace one object with another
e.g. He was accused of switching price labels.
switch on : if you switch on something such as a light or a machine, or if it switches on,
you make it start working
e.g. Don’t switch on the light.
⇆ switch off
★ cash or charge?
(付現或刷卡)
★ devil’s advocate
play/ be devil’s advocate : to pretend to disagree with someone in order to start
an argument or interesting discussion
★ forbid : to refuse to allow something, especially officially, or to prevent a particular plan
of action by making it impossible
forbidden : not allowed according to a rule, law, or custom
★ I'm in labor. (我要生了!)
★ Utopia
A utopia is a community or society possessing highly desirable or near perfect qualities.
It is a common literary theme, especially in speculative fiction and science fiction.
Example:
The Republic is a Socratic dialogue, written by Plato around 380 BCE, concerning the definition of justice, the order and character of the just city-state and the just man —for this reason, ancient readers used the name On Justice as an alternative title.
Plato's best-known work, it has proven to be one of the world's most influential works of philosophy and political theory, both intellectually and historically. In it, Socrates along with various Athenians and foreigners discuss the meaning of justice and examine whether or not the just man is happier than the unjust man by considering a series of different cities coming into existence "in speech", culminating in a city called Kallipolis, which is ruled by philosopher-kings; and by examining the nature of existing regimes. The participants also discuss the theory of forms, the immortality of the soul, and the roles of the philosopher and of poetry in society.
Plato
The Declaration of Independence
When armed conflict between bands of American colonists and British soldiers began in April 1775, the Americans were ostensibly fighting only for their rights as subjects of the British crown. By the following summer, with the Revolutionary War in full swing, the movement for independence from Britain had grown, and delegates of the Continental Congress were faced with a vote on the issue. In mid-June 1776, a five-man committee including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin was tasked with drafting a formal statement of the colonies’ intentions. The Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence–written largely by Jefferson–in Philadelphia on July 4, a date now celebrated as the birth of American independence.
⇓ some vocabularies from the declaration
unalienable : incapable of being repudiated or transferred to another
abolish : do away with
endow : give qualities or abilities to
★
defendant : someone who has been accused of a crime and is on trial
attorney : a lawyer
district attorney : a lawyer whose job is to represent the government in a particular area of the US
verdict : an opinion or decision made after judging the facts that are given, especially one made at
the end of a trial
★ alternative : An alternative plan or method is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one
option : one thing that can be chosen from a set of possibilities, or the freedom to make a choice
decision: the act of or need for making up one’s mind.
choice: the right, power, or opportunity to choose.
representative: someone who has been chosen or elected by a person or group to vote, give opinions,
or make decisions for them
preservative : a chemical substance used for preventing food or wood from decaying
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