I. Congenital
Hartnup disease

II. Acquired
(1)Inadequate diet Malnutrition
Maize diet
Jowar (sorghum) diet
Chronic alcoholism
Anorexia nervosa
Dietary restriction in atopic dermatitis

(2)Malabsorption
Crohn disease
Jejuno-ileitis
Gastroenterostomy
Subtotal gastrectomy
Chronic colitis
Severe ulcerative colitis
Regional ileitis
Hepatic cirrhosis
Gastrointestinal tract tuberculosis
Coeliac disease

(3)Metabolic ‘steal'
Carcinoid syndrome

(4)Drug-induced 6-Mercaptopurinegkk
5-Fluorouracil
Azathioprine
Carbamazepine
Chloroamphenicol
Ethionamide
Hydantoin
Isoniazid
Phenytoin
Phenobarbitone
Protionamide
Pyrazinamide

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