翻轉教室課堂實錄 - 林健豐的部落格

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翻轉教室課堂實錄

2014/07/12 23:12

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翻轉教室

首先提倡「翻轉教室」的 Aaron Smith 及 Jonathan Bergmann (2013) 特別強調，「翻轉教室」的重點不在於老師自製課堂講述影片來教學，而是能真正思考如何更有效益的運用課堂互動時間。尤其是老師作為知識領域的專家，可以將比較屬於單向傳授的部分，讓學生自行學習，而將面對面的時間用於解決個別問題，且更進一步地，用以發展高階的能力 (如：Bloom’s Taxonomy 中知識應用、分析、綜合及評估等能力)。而在整個教學過程中，讓學生主動地去了解、探索問題及深入思考，才能真正地讓學習深化，而所培養的自主學習態度也是一切創新研究的根本。

例如

What can your cat do?

本課第一頁

Warm up

Talk about it

教材內容

5張圖片邀請同學自由發言討論

課本內容為

1.The dog can surf.

2.The elephant can play the drums.

3.The dolphin can jump over the rope.

4.The cat can count.

5.The parrot can ride a bike.

傳統講述法

老師主導課堂內容

看似有拋問題問學生

但結局常是

程度好的樁腳與老師問答互動

或是老師自問自答

老師叫學生抄好筆記與重點

然後這一頁就結束了

試問低成就的同學有參與和理解嗎?

試問剛接觸此一單元的中等程度同學有確實理解和應用嗎?

是否真相是只有少數老師的愛徒參與了課堂的學習?

是否少數學生看似學會並不是來自這門課老師的教學其實早就會了?

若是要套用翻轉教學/合作學習/差異化教學的精神

實施區分性ABC教學法

老師的備課與教學設計要規劃出讓全體學生投入學習的問題或任務

問題與任務不會花費太多時間學生間也不會彼此等待

但又可適性引導發揮個人潛能

關鍵點

問題或任務要精準配合學生程度與需求

流程與順序要使課堂有效率

活動流程

1.老師說明學習內容/活動進行方式與原則/分組任務

2.三人小組先進行短時間之異質合作確保人人成功達標

3.重頭戲-同質競賽依序為 C-B-A

4.老師統整與回饋

C組同學-教材內容簡化與減量-提升動機/信心/參與度

Q:What is the animal in the first picture?

A: A dog.

Q:What is the animal in the second picture?

A: An elephant.

Q:What is the animal in the third picture?

A: A dolphin. (學生若回答A fish亦可)

Q:What is the animal in the fourth picture?

A: A cat.

Q:What is the animal in the fifth picture?

A: A parrot.(學生若回答A bird亦可)

此種封閉式簡易型問題激發C組同學回答之動機與參與

同學們爭相搶答第1題和第4題

未搶得答題機會者捶胸頓足

B組同學-教材內容之核心目標-提供充分之基礎練習進而精熟

下列五個問題為教材內容

老師將學生回答之答案寫在黑板

提供全班同學抄寫重點

由於C組與B組先回答故爭取到充分時間寫筆記

A組本身書寫速度與反應較快所以最後挑戰

在前兩組答題短暫等待時也可以構思待會要挑戰問題之答案

Q:What can the dog do?

A: It can surf.

Q:What can the elephant do?

A: It can play the drums.

學生可能會忘記加the或加s

老師可以給予漸進式提示讓不同學生補充/更正

務必讓學生自己講出正確的答案

因此老師的提問技巧與確實候答非常重要

若技巧得當其實過程快速不佔時間

Q:What can the dolphin do?

A: It can jump over the rope.

學生可能會講成jump rope

老師可以給予漸進式提示讓不同學生補充/更正

務必讓學生自己講出正確的答案

因此老師的提問技巧與確實候答非常重要

若技巧得當其實過程快速不佔時間

Q:What can the cat do?

A: It can count.

Q:What can the parrot do?

A: It can ride a bike.

學生可能會講成ride bike 忘記加a

老師可以給予漸進式提示讓不同學生補充/更正

務必讓學生自己講出正確的答案

因此老師的提問技巧與確實候答非常重要

若技巧得當其實過程快速不佔時間

A組同學-程度超越教材內容-提供挑戰性任務進行進階應用練習

問題之答案與答題範圍較偏課外應用與開放性回答

1.What can Batman do?

2.What can Superman do?

3.What can Spider-Man do?

4.What can Snow White do?

5.What can Jeremy Lin do?

6.A組同學互問製造挑戰機會給對方

(第6題此項任務視時間/學生程度/班級氣氛/學生需求選用)

傳統講述法

與

套用翻轉教學/合作學習/差異化教學精神

區分性ABC教學法

之比較

1.使用時間皆約7-10分鐘

2.皆不用額外製作講義或補充材料

但是

傳統講述法常淪為照本宣科

未及時檢核學生是否達成教學目標

區分性ABC教學法課前須充分備課設計區分性問題或任務

課堂進行中隨時在進行形成性評量

引導學生充份投入學習體驗學習成功的喜悅與成就感

3.傳統講述法全班學生參與度與經歷學習成功經驗非常有限

4.區分性ABC教學法學生充分投入課堂學習/實現高成功率學習

5.區分性ABC教學法於同樣時間內同步落實

分組合作學習/差異化教學

資優教育/有效教學/補救教學

維持程度優異學生之學習興趣

確保中等程度學生精熟教材內容

提升成就落後學生之學習動機與信心

教師教學與學生學習高效能運作

師生腦力激盪共構以學生為學習主體之課堂氛圍

英語科七年級下學期

Unit 8: What's the Weather Like Today?

學生的提問與回答潛能遠遠超出老師的想像

各組學生輪流上台講解

各組學生互相提問如下~專業多元豐富

討論範圍已遠遠超出老師備課預計要傳遞討論的知識內容

今天的課程內容豐富紮實富挑戰

充分體驗教學相長

學生扮演起老師的角色非常稱職且比老師狠許多倍

提問非常之犀利

第一階段

(At the Browns' house)

Meg: What's the weather like today, Amy?

Amy: It's warm, but it's raining.

Meg: Again? There's a lot of rain here in June.

Amy: Well, it's the rainy season now.

Meg: I see. Let's go to Ted's house now.

Amy: Wait! The rain is too heavy.

Meg: That's OK. I can take my new umbrella with me.

At the Browns' house 使用at代表在內部空間或在此地點

the Browns' 所有格為什麼要這樣寫

the Browns 是單數還是複數可以替換成the Brown family嗎

What's the weather like today? like是什麼詞性

It's warm, but it's raining. 為什麼要用but而不用and呢?

It's raining. 是什麼時態?

There's a lot of rain here in June.

請示範如何用We開頭描述~We have a lot of rain here in June.

或用It開頭描述~It rains a lot here in June.

There's a lot of rain.與 It rains a lot.

a lot of 與 a lot 在詞性與用法上有何差異

雨季除了可說rainy season還可如何描述~wet season

那梅雨季呢?~plum rain season

那旱季呢?~dry season/drought season

那颱風季呢?~typhoon season

等待某人的片語如何描述 ~ wait for

for是什麼詞性後面描述的人若為代名詞該用什麼格?

請造句示範

The rain is too heavy. heavy應如何解釋?

可以替換成big/large/huge嗎

雨下得很大還可以如何描述?

It's raining heavily.

It's raining cats and dogs.

take sth with sb

bring sth with sb

carry sth with sb

三者有什麼差別?

第二階段

(At Ted's house)

Ted: Hi. Come on in.

Amy: I'm cold and wet.

Ted: Here's a dry towel for you.

Amy: Thank you.

Ted: It rains a lot here in summer.

Meg: You can say that again.

Ted: Do you have snow here in winter?

Amy: Yes. It sometimes snows at Hehuanshan in winter.

Ted: Good! Maybe we can go there in winter and make a snowman.

cold的反義詞是什麼?

wet的反義詞是什麼?

dry可以當動詞嗎?如何使用?

浴巾怎麼說? bath towel

衛生紙怎麼說? tissue

謝謝你除了Thank you之外還可如何表達?

Thank you very much.

Thanks a lot.

Thanks a million.

I am very grateful to your help.

I really appreciate your help.

It rains a lot here in summer.

如何替換成We開頭描述~We have a lot of rain here in summer.

如何替換成There開頭描述~There is a lot of rain here in summer.

Do you have a lot of snow here in winter?

如何替換成用there來發問~Is there a lot of snow here in winter?

如何替換成用it來發問~Does it snow a lot here in winter?

snowman複數用法如何拼寫?~snowmen

第三階段Hehuanshan

Hehuanshan is a tall mountain in Taiwan. It is famous for its beautiful flowers and snow. From May to September, it is sunny and cool at Hehuanshan. People go there for the mountain flowers. In winter and early spring, it sometimes snows there. People watch snow, play with it, and make snowmen there. Winter is a busy season at Hehuanshan.

高山 tall mountain / high mountain 有何差異? 都對嗎?

You can often interpret high as a reference to the "elevation" of something (i.e. - distance above ground/sea level), whereas tall is usually a reference to the "length" of something in its vertical plane.

Google

"highest mountain" 412,000 results

"tallest mountain" 755,000 results

As a basic rule, I would say if both the top and bottom of something are far from the ground, then it is high (e.g. a branch in a tree is high). If the top is high and the bottom is low, then I would describe it as tall (e.g. the tree itself is tall).

be famous for此片語於生活中可如何應用?

early字義除了早之外還有其他意義嗎?~

早-near the beginning of a period of time

before the usual or expected time

初期-near the beginning of a course, process, or series

busy字義除了忙之外還有其他意義嗎?~

忙碌/繁忙-actively doing something

充滿活動-full of activity or work

旺盛full of people or things

busy season~旺季

watch snow賞雪

請問look at/see/watch/read/stare/notice