課程計畫：Ralph Waldo Emerson's Nature
Notes:
Flying Over America
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KcuDdPo0WZk
#美國十大標誌性建築:
1.美國總統府 白宮 the white house
2.拉什莫爾山,，俗稱總統山 Mount Rushmore
3.自由女神像 The Statue of Liberty
4.帝國大廈 The Empire State Building
5.五角大樓 The Pentagon
6.美國國會大樓 Congress of the United States
7.金門大橋 Golden Gate Bridge
8.獨立大廳 Independence Hal
9.紐約中央火車站 Grand Central Station
10.華盛頓獨立紀念碑 Washington Monument
Washington Irving
#Impact on American culture
Irving popularized the nickname "Gotham" for New York City, later used in Batman comics and movies, and is credited with inventing the expression "the almighty(萬能的) dollar".
One of Irving's most lasting contributions to American culture is in the way Americans perceive and celebrate Christmas. In his 1812 revisions to A History of New York, Irving inserted a dream sequence featuring St. Nicholas soaring over treetops in a flying wagon—a creation others would later dress up as Santa Claus. In his five Christmas stories in The Sketch Book, Irving portrayed an idealized celebration of old-fashioned Christmas customs at a quaint English manor, that depicted harmonious warm-hearted English Christmas festivities he experienced while staying in Aston Hall, Birmingham, England, that had largely been abandoned.He used text from The Vindication of Christmas (London 1652) of old English Christmas traditions, he had transcribed into his journal as a format for his stories.The book contributed to the revival and reinterpretation of the Christmas holiday in the United States.
John Quidor's painting The Headless Horseman Pursuing Ichabod Crane, inspired by Washington Irving's work.
The Community Area of Irving Park in Chicago was named in Irving's honor. The Irving Trust Corporation (now the Bank of New York Mellon Corporation) was named after him. Since there was not yet a federal（聯邦） currency in 1851, each bank issued its own paper and those institutions with the most appealing names found their certificates more widely accepted. His portrait（肖像） appeared on the bank's notes and contributed to their wide appeal.
The American painter John Quidor based many of his paintings on scenes from the works of Irving about Dutch New York, including such paintings as Ichabod Crane Flying from the Headless Horseman (1828), The Return of Rip Van Winkle (1849), and The Headless Horseman Pursuing Ichabod Crane (1858).
#Literary reputation
Irving is largely credited as the first American Man of Letters, and the first to earn his living solely by his pen. Eulogizing Irving before the Massachusetts Historical Society in December 1859, his friend, the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, acknowledged Irving's role in promoting American literature: "We feel a just pride in his renown as an author, not forgetting that, to his other claims upon our gratitude, he adds also that of having been the first to win for our country an honourable name and position in the History of Letters".
Irving perfected the American short story,and was the first American writer to place his stories firmly in the United States, even as he poached from German or Dutch folklore. He is also generally credited as one of the first to write both in the vernacular（白話、本國語）, and without an obligation（義務） to the moral or didactic in his short stories, writing stories simply to entertain rather than to enlighten.Irving also encouraged would-be writers. As George William Curtis noted, there "is not a young literary aspirant in the country, who, if he ever personally met Irving, did not hear from him the kindest words of sympathy, regard, and encouragement."
Some critics, however—including Edgar Allan Poe—felt that while Irving should be given credit for being an innovator, the writing itself was often unsophisticated. "Irving is much over-rated（估價過高）", Poe wrote in 1838, "and a nice distinction might be drawn between his just and his surreptitious and adventitious reputation—between what is due to the pioneer solely, and what to the writer".A critic for the New-York Mirror wrote: "No man in the Republic of Letters has been more overrated than Mr. Washington Irving."Some critics noted especially that Irving, despite being an American, catered to British sensibilities and, as one critic noted, wrote "of and for England, rather than his own country".
Other critics were inclined to be more forgiving of Irving's style. William Makepeace Thackeray was the first to refer to Irving as the "ambassador whom the New World of Letters sent to the Old", a banner picked up by writers and critics throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. "He is the first of the American humorists, as he is almost the first of the American writers", wrote critic H.R. Hawless in 1881, "yet belonging to the New World, there is a quaint Old World flavor about him".
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
#life:
其父亲是个律师，母亲尤爱诵读诗歌。他们养育了四男四女，亨利排行第二，其性格秉承父母的气质。在家庭气氛薰陶下，亨利自小喜爱诗歌和语言，后来入缅因州鲍多因学院攻读语言和文学（纳撒尼尔·霍桑是其同班同学），并两度赴欧学习法、意、德、丹麦、瑞典和荷兰等语言，二十八岁即任哈佛大学现代语言教授。
世界上第一首译为中文的英语诗是朗费罗的《人生颂》。时任大清国总理各国事务衙门全权大臣的董恂曾将《人生颂》书于扇面，并转交给远在波士顿的朗费罗，此扇现存于朗费罗故居。
#Work
《夜吟》
《奴役篇》
《伊凡吉林》
《海华沙之歌》
《基督》
《路畔旅舍故事》
A Psalm of Life
——by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
1
What the Heart of the Young Man said to the Psalmist.
Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
"Life is but an empty dream! "
for the soul is dead that slumbers,
And things are not what they seem.
2
Life is real! Life is earnest!
And the grave is not its goal;
"Dust thou art, to dust returnest, "
Was not spoken of the soul.
3
Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,
Is our destined end or way;
But to act, that each to-morrow
Find us farther than to-day.
4
Art is long , and Time is fleeting,
And our hearts, though stout and brave,
Still, like muffled drums, are beating
Funeral marches to the grave.
5
In the world's broad field of battle,
In the bivouac of Life,
Be not like dumb, driven cattle!
Be a hero in the strife!
6
Trust no Future,howe'er pleasant!
Let the dead Past bury its dead!
Act, -act in the living Present!
Heart within, and God o'erhead!
7
Lives of great men all remind us
We can make our lives sublime,
And , departing , leave behind us
Footprints on the sands of time;
8
Footprints, that perhaps another,
Sailing o'er life's solemn main,
A forlorn and shipwrecked brother ,
Seeing, shall take heart again.
9
Let us , then, be up and doing,
With a heart for any fate;
My Lost Youth
Often I think of the beautiful town
我常常思念这美丽的小城，
That is seated by the sea;
它就座落在海边；
Often in thought go up and down
常常令我游思不定
The pleasant streets of that dear old town,
这愉快亲切的古城街道，
And my youth comes back to me.
我的青春回到我身边。
And a verse of a Lapland song
一句拉普兰民歌的诗句
Is haunting my memory still:
一直徘徊在我记忆里：
“A boy’s will is the wind’s will,
“孩子的愿望是风的愿望，
And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
青春的怀念是悠长的，悠长的怀念。”
……
And the Deering’s Woods are fresh and fair,
狄岭的森林清新悦目，
And with joy that is almost pain
带着几乎是痛苦的快乐；
My heart goes back to wander there,
我的心回到这里徘徊；
And among the dreams of the days that were,
在那此往日的旧梦中，
I find my lost youth again.
我又找回了逝去的青春。
And the strange and beautiful song,
和那些陌生而美丽的歌，
The groves are repeating it still:
那此小树林还在重复着：
“A boy’s will is the wind’s will,
“孩子的愿望是风的愿望，
And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts.”
青春的怀念是悠长的，悠长的怀念。”
#"My Lost Youth" Longfellow Poem from "In the Bedroom"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpyOCIEvyN0
paul Revere's Ride
#Overview
The poem is spoken by the landlord of the Wayside Inn and tells a partly fictionalized story of Paul Revere. In the poem, Revere tells a friend to prepare signal lanterns in the Old North Church to inform him if the British will attack by land or sea. He would await the signal across the river in Charlestown and be ready to spread the alarm throughout Middlesex County, Massachusetts. The unnamed friend climbs up the steeple and soon sets up two signal lanterns, informing Revere that the British are coming by sea. Revere rides his horse through Medford, Lexington, and Concord to warn the patriots.
#Historical impact
Longfellow's poem is credited with creating the national legend of Paul Revere, a previously little-known Massachusetts silversmith.Upon Revere's death in 1818, for example, his obituary did not mention his midnight ride but instead focused on his business sense and his many friends. The fame that Longfellow brought to Revere, however, did not materialize until after the Civil War amidst the Colonial Revival Movement of the 1870s. In 1875, for example, the Old North Church mentioned in the poem began an annual custom called the "lantern ceremony" recreating the action of the poem. Three years later, the Church added a plaque noting it as the site of "the signal lanterns of Paul Revere".Revere's elevated historical importance also led to unsubstantiated rumors that he made a set of false teeth for George Washington. Revere's legendary status continued for decades and, in part due to Longfellow's poem, authentic silverware made by Revere commanded high prices. Wall Street tycoon J. P. Morgan, for example, offered $100,000 for a punch bowl Revere made.
For a long time, historians of the American Revolution as well as textbook writers relied almost entirely on Longfellow's poem as historical evidence[citation needed – creating substantial misconceptions in the minds of the American people. In re-examining the episode, some historians in the 20th century have attempted to demythologize Paul Revere almost to the point of marginalization.[citation needed] While it is true that Revere was not the only rider that night, that does not refute the fact that Revere successfully completed the first phase of his mission to warn Adams and Hancock. Other historians have since stressed Revere's importance, including David Hackett Fischer in his book Paul Revere's Ride (1995), a scholarly study of Revere's role in the opening of the Revolution.
To Act，To Love
國立台北教育大學的校訓「敦愛篤行」
I want to get some boots----我想要喝些酒 Bootlegger---販賣私酒
