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自由市場至上論完蛋了!
時事評論國際 2008/09/18 22:01:40















我覺得台灣的輿論界似乎對於這個劃時代的意義無關痛養。1970年代末,凱因斯經濟學受到質疑,政府的貨幣與擴張性的財政支出無法解決當時的失業與通膨的問題,工人罷工,資本利潤降低。民主黨束手無策,卡特總統讓貨幣學派的學者擔任Fed主席,緊縮貨幣供給打壓通膨,造成失業率飆高,在加上拯救伊郎人質失敗,給雷根抓住機會,用這一套God,
Country, and Guns 民粹主義贏得政權,並且開啟了貨幣學派-自由市場論至上的年代。它認為政府只要控制貨幣供給量,維繫法治,其他一切自由市場去處理。
這派學問向共和黨傳統偏資方的政策賜與科學的基礎。然則,自由市場論的效能,與穩定性,在學界向來是有爭議的。而美國社會貧富懸殊擴大,健保成本遽增,漸漸成為選舉的重要議題。





然而,即使是民主黨,也不曾挑戰自由市場教條。雖然,之前也有過政府的bailout,但去年開始的subprime危機像個金融黑洞,前所未有。Bush 政府,難辭其咎,雖然民主黨也有分。Bill Gross
(pimco’s president) 寫到,Alan Greenspan 在2006年,房地產榮景的時候,在參議院曾被問到這些金融商品的管理問題。他一臉正色回答,Fed的管理將會傷害市場的創新。因而,這些CDO,
與Credit default swap的買賣,完全沒有管理,事實上,FED也不了解這些東西。去年柏南克還得找人幫他上課。因此我們可以說,除了人性之貪婪,這個危機的禍首就是自由市場教條,政府的消極不作為造成的.





任何一個市場裡都有貪婪與詐欺,但是為什麼貪婪與詐欺會造成系統性的崩潰?自由市場至上論者不是告訴我們Greed is good?這次危機告訴我們,其實這些論者並不真的了解自由市場,他們對於自由市場寄予過度的信心.







共和黨政府一面主張給富人減稅,削減各種公共開支,社會福利,認為福利會讓國民失去責任感。他們將民主黨的liberalism抹紅成社會主義,甚至於共產主義。說老人健保計畫MedCare是 Socialist drug。因而你可以理解一般人對於Bush政府要花1000億以上美金去bailout,更進一步把全球第18大企業AIG變成國營企業(儘管只是暫時性的)有多麼憤怒與鄙視。原來,It
is the market discipline for the poor, socialism for the rich! 而不斷要求減稅的資本家們,憑什麼要全體納稅人去清理自己留下的垃圾?!

自由市場至上主義,右傾的年代就在2008宣告結束。之後只有民主黨才可能合理的治理國家。除非美國人想要讓共和黨理的極右派,建立近於法西斯的政權,否則別無選擇。

P.S.







最近幾天常上紐約時報網站閱讀文章,經常一篇文章就附帶了幾百篇的讀者評論,你可以感到輿論沸騰的程度。在這裡收錄若干:





Funny
that so many people are up in arms because they think Obama is a
"socialist". What economic institutions are there left for the
federal government to take over?
Derrick, NYC






Welcome
to the
United States of Socialist
America!!!
Mike, Chicago





I
just want to know how I can get a federal loan.$1 billion will be fine.
Anna, New York





When
is the Fiver Year Plan going to be announced? Welcome to the
United
States
of Amerika! I really
hope I don't hear anyone utter the phrases "free market" and
"moral hazard" in this country ever again.......
bbrophyb,
Providence, RI







No additional money for
homeless people, fuel assistance etc. but $85 billion for Wall Street on top of
the untold billions already handed out?McCain is Bush and Obama had his tongue cut out by the
U. of Chicago.Who will speak for us?
marcelduchamp,
Clinton, Maine

Republican,
"Government should get out of the way!"Capitalist, "Oops, I got greedy and screwed up, can I have tens of
billions of dollars?"

Republican, "Sure buddy, the taxpayer will bail you out."


Single mother, "Can I have help with child care to help me find work and
support my family?"

Republican, "No! You must take responsibility for your actions."

You are all going to spend the rest of your working lives paying for these
idiots mistakes and they will retire to spend more time with their money.

Time for a change guys. As FDR said in 1933:



"Primarily this is because rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have
failed through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted
their failure, and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers
stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds
of men. True they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the pattern
of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit they have proposed only the
lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our
people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations,
pleading tearfully for restored confidence....The money changers have fled from
their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that
temple to the ancient truths. The measure of the restoration lies in the extent
to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit."
Steve F,
Scotland



 







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自由市場至上論完蛋了!
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